Produced by Eric Eldred ARMY LIFE IN A BLACK REGIMENT Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823-1911) Originally published 1869 Reprinted, 1900, by Riverside Press CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Introductory CHAPTER 2 Camp Diary CHAPTER 3 Up the St. Mary's CHAPTER 4 Up the St. John's CHAPTER 5 Out on Picket CHAPTER 6 A Night in the Water CHAPTER 7 Up the Edisto CHAPTER 8 The Baby of the Regiment CHAPTER 9 Negro Spirituals CHAPTER 10 Life at Camp Shaw CHAPTER 11 Florida Again? CHAPTER 12 The Negro as a Soldier CHAPTER 13 Conclusion APPENDIX A. Roster of Officers B. The First Black Soldiers C. General Saxton's Instructions D. The Struggle for Pay E. Farewell Address Index Chapter 1. Introductory These pages record some of the adventures of the First South Carolina Volunteers, the first slave regiment mustered into the service of the United States during the late civil war. It was, indeed, the first colored regiment of any kind so mustered, except a portion of the troops raised by Major-General Butler at New Orleans. These scarcely belonged to the same class, however, being recruited from the free colored population of that city, a comparatively self-reliant and educated race. "The darkest of them," said General Butler, "were about the complexion of the late Mr. Webster." The First South Carolina, on the other hand, contained scarcely a freeman, had not one mulatto in ten, and a far smaller proportion who could read or write when enlisted. The only contemporary regiment of a similar character was the "First Kansas Colored," which began recruiting a little earlier, though it was not mustered in the usual basis of military seniority till later. [_See Appendix_] These were the only colored regiments recruited during the year 1862. The Second South Carolina and the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts followed early in 1863. This is the way in which I came to the command of this regiment. One day in November, 1862, I was sitting at dinner with my lieutenants, John Goodell and Luther Bigelow, in the barracks of the Fifty-First Massachusetts, Colonel Sprague, when the following letter was put into my hands: BEAUFORT, S. C., November 5, 1862. MY DEAR SIR. I am organizing the First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, with every prospect of success. Your name has been spoken of, in connection with the command of this regiment, by some friends in whose judgment I have confidence. I take great pleasure in offering you the position of Colonel in it, and hope that you may be induced to accept. I shall not fill the place until I hear from you, or sufficient time shall have passed for me to receive your reply. Should you accept, I enclose a pass for Port Royal, of which I trust you will feel disposed to avail yourself at once. I am, with sincere regard, yours truly, R. SAXTON, _Brig.-Genl, Mil. Gov._