[Footnote 733: Having deposited the stake.--Ver. 168. When a bet was made, the parties betting gave to each other a pledge, 'pignus,' in the shape of some trinket, such as a ring. When the bet was completed, they touched hands.] [Footnote 734: When of late.--Ver. 171. He speaks of a 'Naumachia,' or mimic sea-fight, which had been lately exhibited at Rome by Augustus, in commemoration of the battle of Actium. As Antony had collected his forces from the East and all parts of Greece, his ships are alluded to as the Persian and Cecropian, or Athenian ships. The term, 'Naumachia,' was applied both to the representation of a sea-fight, and to the place where it was given. They were sometimes exhibited in the Circus or Amphitheatre, the water being introduced under-ground, but more generally in spots constructed for the purpose. The first was shown by Julius Cæsar, who caused a lake to be dug for the purpose in a part of the Campus Martius, which Suetonius calls 'the lesser Codeta.' This was filled up by Augustus, who dug a lake near the Tiber for the same purpose; to which, probably, reference is here made.] [Footnote 735: Introduced.--Ver. 172. 'Induxit.' By the use of this word, it would seem that Augustus Cæsar introduced the ships, probably, from the river Tiber into the lake.] [Footnote 736: See! Cæsar prepares.--Ver. 177. Augustus sent his grandson, Caius, the son of his daughter Julia and Agrippa, to head an expedition against Phraates, the king of the Parthians, the conquerors of Crassus; from this expedition he did not live to return, but perished in battle.] [Footnote 737: Crassi, rejoice.--Ver. 180. See the Fasti, Book v. 1. 583-8, with the Note. Also Book vi. 1. 465] [Footnote 738: Of the Gods.--Ver. 183. In a spirit of adulation, he deifies Caius Cæsar, and his brother Lucius.] [Footnote 739: First of the youths.--Ver. 194. The 'princeps juvenum' had the honour of riding first, in the review of the Equestrian ranks by the Emperor. See the Tristia, Book ii. 1. 90. Caius did not live to fulfil this prophecy, as he was slain through the perfidy of the Parthian general.] [Footnote 740: Since thou hast brothers.--Ver. 195. He alludes, probably, to Lucius Cæsar, the other grandson of Augustus, and Marcus Agrippa, the husband of Julia, the daughter of Augustus.] [Footnote 741: Hast a sire.--Ver. 196. He had been adopted by Augustus. *What rivers are borne.--Ver. 220. See the twentieth line of the Second Elegy, Book iv. of the Tristia. * Perfectly well.--Ver. 222. See a similar passage in the Tristia' Book iv. EL ii. 1. 24.] [Footnote 742: The Euphrates.--Ver. 223. The rivers were generally personified by the ancients as being crowned with reeds.] [Footnote 743: The one whose.--Ver. 224. The young man is supposed to be addressing the damsel in these words.]