The Argante of Layamon's version is doubtless the same being as Morgana, for whose name, which in any of its current spellings had the appearance of a masculine proper name, Layamon either may have substituted a more familiar Welsh name, Argante, as I have already shown he might easily have done (_Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance_, Boston, 1903, pp. 26-28), or, as Professor J.L. Bruce, with equal plausibility, has recently suggested, he may have used a corruption of one form of the fay's name, Morgant (_Modern Language Notes_, March, 1911, pp. 65-68). [I have discussed the various versions of Arthur's stay in Avalon in _Studies in Fairy Mythology_, chapter III. On Avalon, see _id._, p. 40, note 2. On the early belief in Arthur's return to earth, see Geoffrey of Monmouth (_Everyman's Library_), Introduction, p. 10.] NOTES: [1] i.e., Paris, in the Ile de France. Vs. 10440 ff. [2] Vs. 16530 ff. [3] _Roman de Rou_, vs. 6415 ff. [4] _Roman de Brut_, vs. 10038 ff. [5] _Id._, vs. 7733 ff. [6] _Id._, vs. 11472 ff. Cf. for other examples: Arthur's conquest of Denmark, _Historia_, ix. 11; _Brut_, vs. 10123 ff.; Arthur's return to Britain from France, _Historia_, ix. 11; _Brut_, vs. 10427 ff.; Arthur's coronation, _Historia_, ix. 12 ff.; _Brut_, vs. 10610 ff. [7] Vs. 13149 ff. [8] See _Excursus II_. [9] Vs. 11048 ff. [10] See _Excursus III_. [11] Vs. 1 ff. [12] Layamon's statement that he "read books" at Arnley is interpreted to mean that he read the services in the church. [13] The poem is written in part in alliterative lines on the Anglo-Saxon system, in part in rhymed couplets of unequal length. [14] Vs. 18086 ff. [15] Vs. 20110 ff. More famous speeches still are Arthur's comparison of Childric the Dane to a fox (vs. 20827 ff.) and his taunt over his fallen foes, Baldulf and Colgrim (vs. 31431 ff.). [16] Vs. 12972 ff. [17] Vs. 27992 ff. [18] Vs. 19887 ff. [19] discussion of this point see J.L. Weston, in _Melanges de philologie romane offerts à M. Wilmotte_, Paris, 1910, pp. 801, 802. [20] See _Mabinogion_, translated by Lady Charlotte Guest, London, 1849. [21] Ed. Michel and Wright, Paris, 1837. BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL WORKS OF REFERENCE FOR THE CHRONICLES R.H. FLETCHER, _The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles (Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature, X)_, Boston, 1906. W. LEWIS JONES, King Arthur in History and Legend, London, 1911. M.W. MACCALLUM, _Tennyson's Idylls of the King_, Glasgow, 1894. H. MAYNADIER, _The Arthur of the English Poets_, Boston and New York, 1907. G. PARIS, _Histoire littéraire de la France_, Paris, 1888. J. RHYS, _Studies in the Arthurian Legend_, Oxford, 1891. W.H. SCHOFIELD, _English Literature from the Norman Conquest to Chaucer_, New York and London, 1906.