Anatomy, Artistic; Animals in art; Zoological illustration
The skeleton of the leg consists of two bones: the tibia and the fibula.
The tibia is the more internal and the larger of the two; the fibula is
slender, and situated on the outer side, and a little posterior to, the
preceding. The fibula is more or less developed according to the
species; in some it is complete, in others it is very much atrophied.
This peculiarity may be compared with that which we have drawn attention
to regarding the development of the ulna; but here the seriation is less
distinct. Not only in the different species, but even in the individuals
of the same species, the development of the fibula presents little
regularity. In quadrupeds, the bones of the leg are directed obliquely
downwards and backwards, so that they form, with the femur, which is
directed obliquely downwards and forwards, an angle, the apex of which
is placed at the anterior surface of the knee.
=Tibia.=--The tibia of quadrupeds is readily comparable with that of
man; as in the case of the latter, its shaft has three surfaces--an
external, which is hollowed out in its upper portion, and becomes
anterior below; an internal, slightly convex and subcutaneous; the
posterior, which presents, in its superior part, a crest, the oblique
line of the tibia, and some rugosities. The borders separate the
surfaces. The anterior border, or crest of the tibia, is prominent in
its superior part; below it gradually disappears in passing towards the
internal aspect of the inferior extremity. The external and internal
borders separate the corresponding surfaces from the posterior one.
The superior extremity is thick, and expands in forming three
tuberosities: two lateral and an anterior. The anterior tuberosity,
situated at the superior part of the crest of the tibia, is very
prominent; for this reason the superior extremity is very much expanded
in the antero-posterior direction--hence it results that this diameter
is equal to the transverse, and sometimes even greater. In man, it is
the latter which is the larger. The anterior tuberosity is visible under
the skin.
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