Anatomy, Artistic; Animals in art; Zoological illustration
The inferior extremity, less thick, is prolonged internally by a
prominence which corresponds to the internal malleolus of man. In
animals whose fibula is but slightly developed the tibia presents, on
the external part of its inferior extremity, a small prominence, which
replaces the fibular malleolus. The ruminants must, however, be
excepted, in which we find in this region a special bone, which certain
authors look on as the inferior part of the fibula (see p. 97). The
inferior surface of this extremity of the tibia is articular; and is in
contact with one of the tarsal bones, the astragalus. Because the
superior surface of this latter has the form of a pulley, a pulley much
more marked than that on the human astragalus, the corresponding surface
of the tibia, which has the opposite form, presents two lateral
cavities, separated by a median ridge, which is directed forwards and
slightly outwards; this ridge projects into the groove of the pulley.
=The Fibula.=--This bone, situated at the back of the external
surface of the tibia, is, as we have said, more or less developed. Its
superior extremity, or head, articulates with the external tuberosity
of the tibia. Its inferior extremity, when it exists--it is this
which disappears in animals which have the fibula incompletely
developed--forms a prominence which, placed on the external surface of
the inferior extremity of the tibia, articulates with the astragalus,
and recalls the external malleolus of man.
We have stated above that it is the inferior extremity of the fibula
which disappears when the bone is incompletely developed; it is
necessary to except the bat, in which the fibula, fairly well developed
at its inferior extremity, by which it articulates with the tibia, thins
off in its superior portion, and does not reach the corresponding
extremity of the latter. Further, as in this animal the surface of the
knee, which corresponds to the anterior surface of the same region in
other animals, is turned backwards, the result is that the fibula is
situated on the inner side of the tibia, instead of being placed on the
outer.
The Foot
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