Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and FallaciesGore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Science
Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and Fallacies
Gore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Astronomy -- Miscellanea; Solar system -- Miscellanea
According to Al-Sufi, the Arabians called the second and third stars of
the figure (α and ο Aquarii) _sad al-malik_ (_malk_ or _mulk_), "the Good
Fortune of the king." They called the fourth and fifth stars (β and ξ
Aquarii) with the twenty-eighth star of Capricornus (_c_) _sad al-sund_,
"the Good Fortune of the Happy Events." "This is the 24th mansion of the
moon." These stars rose at the time of year when the cold ends, and they
set at the time the heat ends. Hence, Al-Sufi says, "when they rise the
rains begin, and when they set the unhealthy winds cease, fertility
abounds, and the dew falls." Hence probably the Arabic names. This, of
course, applies to the climate of Persia and Arabia, and not to the
British Isles. Al-Sufi says, "They call the 6th, 7th, and 8th stars _sad
bula_, 'The Good Fortune which swallows up!' This is the 23rd mansion of
the moon. They say that it is so called because that at the time of the
Deluge it rose at the moment when God said, 'O earth! absorb the waters'
(Koran, chap, xi., v. 46). They called the stars γ, π, ζ and η Aquarii
_sad al-achbija_, 'the the Good Fortune of the tents'; this is the 25th
mansion of the moon, and they give them this name because of these four
stars, three form a triangle, the fourth [ζ] being in the middle." The
three were considered to form a tent.
The Arabians called the bright star Fomalhaut "in the mouth of the
southern fish _al-dhifda al-auval_, 'the first Frog,' as the bright one on
the southern point of the tail of Kîtus [Cetus] is called _al-dhifda
al-tsani_ [β Ceti], 'the second Frog.'" Fomalhaut was also called
_al-zhalim_, "the male ostrich."
Al-Sufi says, "Some of the Arabians state that a ship is situated to the
south of Aquarius." The stars in the Southern Fish (Piscis Australis) seem
to be here referred to.
The constellation Pisces, the Fishes, is the last of the "signs of the
Zodiac." The Fishes appear on an ancient Greek obelisk described by
Pococke. Among the Greeks this sign was consecrated to Venus; and in Egypt
to Nepthys, wife of Typhon and goddess of the sea. Pisces is said to end
the Zodiac as the Mediterranean Sea terminated Egypt. This idea was
suggested by Schmidt, who also conjectured that the Ram (Aries) was placed
at the beginning of the Zodiac because Thebes, a town sacred to Jupiter
Ammon, was at the beginning of Egypt in ancient times; and he thought that
the constellation Triangulum, the Triangle, represented the Nile Delta,
Eridanus being the Nile.[427] The constellation was represented in ancient
times by two fishes connected by a cord tied to their tails. The southern
of these "fishes" lies south of the "Square of Pegasus," and the northern
between Andromeda and Aries. According to Manilius, the origin of these
fishes is as follows: Venus, seeing Typhon on the banks of the river
Euphrates, cast herself with her son into the river and they were
transformed into fishes!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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