Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and FallaciesGore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Science
Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and Fallacies
Gore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Astronomy -- Miscellanea; Solar system -- Miscellanea
Some of the Arabians substituted a swallow for the northern of the two
fishes--the one below Andromeda. The swallow was a symbol of Spring.
According to Dupuis, Pisces represents the 8th "labour of Hercules," his
triumph over the mares of Diomed which emitted fire from their
nostrils.[428] But the connection between fishes and mares is not obvious,
and some of Dupuis' ideas seem very fanciful. Here he seems to have found
a "mare's nest."
The constellation Cetus, the Whale, represents, according to ancient
writers, the sea monster sent by Neptune to devour Andromeda when she was
chained to the rock. Aratus calls Cetus the "dusky monster," and Brown
remarks that "the 'Dusky Star' would be peculiarly appropriate to Mira
(the wondrous ο Ceti)."[429] Cetus was also called Canis Tritonis, or Dog
of the Sea, Bayer in his Atlas (1603) shows a dragon instead of a whale,
finding it so represented on some ancient spheres. Al-Sufi calls it Kîtus
or κητος, the whale. He says, "it is represented by the figure of a
marine animal, of which the fore part is turned towards the east, to the
south of the Ram, and the hinder part towards the west behind the three
'extern' stars of Aquarius."
Al-Sufi does not mention the variable star ο Ceti, now called Mira, or the
"wonderful," nor does he refer to any star in its immediate vicinity. We
may, therefore, conclude that it was near a minimum of light at the time
of his observation of the stars of Cetus.
The constellation of Orion, one of the finest in the heavens, was called
by Al-Sufi _al-djabbar_, "the Giant," and also _al-djauza_, "the Spouse."
The poet Longfellow says--
"Sirius was rising in the east
And, slow ascending one by one,
The kindling constellations shone
Begirt with many a blazing star
Stood the great giant Al-gebar
Orion, hunter of the beast!
His sword hung gleaming at his side
And on his arm, the lion's hide--
Scattered across the midnight air
The golden radiance of its hair."
Al-Sufi says it "is represented by the figure of a standing man, to the
south of the sun's path. This constellation very much resembles a human
figure with a head and two shoulders. It is called _al-djabbar_, 'the
Giant,' because it has two thrones, holds a club in his hand, and is
girded with a sword." Orion is supposed to have been a son of Neptune;
but there are many stories of the origin of the name. It is also said to
be derived from the Greek word ωρα, because the constellation was used to
mark the different times of the year. According to the ancient fable,
Orion was killed by a scorpion, and was placed in the sky at the request
of Diana. According to Houzeau, the name comes from _oriri_, to be born.
Scorpio rises when Orion sets, and he thinks that the idea of the ancients
was that the Scorpion in this way kills the giant Orion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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