Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and FallaciesGore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Science
Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and Fallacies
Gore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Astronomy -- Miscellanea; Solar system -- Miscellanea
MONOCEROS, or the Unicorn, lies south of Gemini and Canis Minor, north of
Canis Major and Argo, east of Orion, and west of Hydra. It appears on the
planisphere of Bartschius, published in 1624. According to Scaliger it is
shown on an old Persian sphere. One of its stars, Fl. 22, is mentioned by
Al-Sufi among the "extern" stars of Canis Major (No. 1). Another, Fl. 30,
is given under Hydra ("Extern" No. 1) and Fl. 8, 13, and 15 are apparently
referred to in Gemini. The star 15 Monocerotis is a little south of ξ
Geminorum, and was measured 4·59 magnitude at Harvard. It was at one time
supposed to be variable with a short period (about 3½ days), but this
variation has not been confirmed. The spectrum is of the fifth type--with
bright lines--a very rare type among naked-eye stars. It is a triple star
(5, 8·8, 11·2: 2"·9, 16"·3) and should be seen with a 4-inch telescope. It
has several other small companions, one of which (139°·2: 75"·7) has been
suspected of variation in light. It was estimated 8½ by Main in 1863,
but only 12 by Sadler in 1875. Observing it on March 28, 1889, with 3-inch
refractor, I found it about one magnitude brighter than a star closely
preceding, and estimated it 8 or 8½ magnitude. It is probably variable
and should be watched.
SCUTUM SOBIESKI.--This is, or was, a small constellation in the southern
portion of Aquila, which was formed by Hevelius in 1660 in honour of the
Polish hero Sobieski. Its principal stars, which lie south-west of λ
Aquilæ, were mentioned by Al-Sufi and are referred to by him under that
constellation. It contains a very bright spot of Milky Way light, which
may be well seen in the month of July just below the star λ Aquilæ.
Closely south of the star 6 Aquilæ is a remarkable variable star R Scuti
(R.A. 18{h} 42{m}·2, S. 5° 49'). It varies from 4·8 to 7·8 with an
irregular period. All the light changes can be observed with a good
opera-glass.
VULPECULA, the Fox.--This modern constellation lies south of Cygnus, north
of Sagitta and Delphinus, east of Hercules, and west of Pegasus. It was
formed by Hevelius in 1660. One of its stars, 6 Vulpeculæ, is mentioned by
Al-Sufi in describing the constellation Cygnus. Closely north-west of 32
Vulpeculæ is the short-period variable T Vulpeculæ. It varies from 5·5 to
6·2 magnitude, and its period is 4·436 days. This is an interesting
object, and all the changes of light can be observed with an opera-glass.
LACERTA.--This little constellation lies south of Cepheus and north of
Pegasus. Its formation was first suggested by Roger and Anthelm in 1679,
and it was called by them "The Sceptre and the Hand of Justice." It was
named Lacerta by Hevelius in 1690, and this name it still retains. Al-Sufi
seems to refer to its stars in his description of Andromeda, but does not
mention any star in particular. It brightest star Fl. 7 (α Lacertæ) is
about the 4th magnitude. About one degree south-west of 7 is 5 Lacertæ, a
deep orange star with a blue companion in a fine field.
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