There are some constellations south of the Equator which, although above Al-Sufi's horizon when on the meridian, are not described by him, as they were formed since his time. These are as follows:-- SCULPTOR.--This constellation lies south of Aquarius and Cetus, and north of Phœnix. Some of its stars are referred to by Al-Sufi under Eridanus as lying within the large triangle formed by β Ceti, Fomalhaut, and α Phœnicis. The brightest star is α, about 12° south of β Ceti (4·39 magnitude Harvard). About 7° south-east of α is the red and variable star R Sculptoris; variable from 6·2 to 8·8 magnitude, with a period of about 376 days. Gould describes it as "intense scarlet." It has a spectrum of the fourth type. PHŒNIX.--This constellation lies south of Sculptor. Some of its stars are referred to by Al-Sufi, under Eridanus, as forming a boat-shaped figure. These are evidently α, κ, μ, β, ν, and γ. α is at the south-eastern angle of Al-Sufi's triangle referred to above (under "Sculptor"). (See Proctor's Atlas, No. 3.) FORNAX, the Furnace, lies south of Cetus, west of Eridanus, and east of Sculptor and Phœnix. It was formed by Lacaille, and is supposed to represent a chemical furnace with an alembic and receiver! Its brightest star, α Fornacis, is identical with 12 Eridani. CÆLUM, the Sculptor's Tools, is a small constellation east of Columba, and west of Eridanus. It was formed by Lacaille. The brightest stars are α and γ, which are about 4½ magnitude. α has a faint companion; and γ is a wide double star to the naked eye. ANTLIA, the Air Pump, lies south of Hydra, east and north of Argo, and west of Centaurus. It was formed by Lacaille. It contains no star brighter than 4th magnitude. The brightest, α, has been variously rated from 4 to 5, and Stanley Williams thinks its variability "highly probable." NORMA, the Rule, lies south of Scorpio. It contains no star brighter than the 4th magnitude. TELESCOPIUM.--This modern constellation lies south of Corona Australis, and north of Pavo. Its stars α, δ, and ζ, which lie near the northern boundary of the constellation, are referred to by Al-Sufi in his description of Ara. MICROSCOPIUM.--This small constellation is south of Capricornus, and west of Piscis Australis. Its stars seem to be referred to by Al-Sufi as having been seen by Ptolemy, but he does not specify their exact positions. It contains no star brighter than 4½ magnitude. * * * * * South of Al-Sufi's horizon are a number of constellations surrounding the south pole, which, of course, he could not see. Most of these have been formed since his time, and these will now be considered; beginning with that immediately surrounding the South Pole (Octans), and then following the others as nearly as possible in order of Right Ascension.