1. THE EARLIEST (ARYAN) REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH 12 2. ANCIENT GAULISH MEDALS, BEARING ASTRONOMICAL SIGNS 42 3. ANCIENT CELESTIAL SPHERE 58 4. POSITIONS OF THE GREAT BEAR ON SEPTEMBER 4 62 5. CONSTELLATION OF THE BEAR 63 6. CONSTELLATION OF ORION 73 7. CHART OF CONSTELLATIONS IN SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES 78 8. FLAMSTEED'S CHART 79 9. ARABIAN SPHERE OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY 84 10. ANCIENT CHINESE PIECES OF MONEY, BEARING REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ZODIAC 93 11. THE ZODIAC 96 12. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE POSITION OF CERTAIN STARS, B.C. 1200 98 13. CURIOUS FIFTEENTH CENTURY FIGURE, REPRESENTING ELEVEN DIFFERENT HEAVENS 150 14. PTOLEMY'S ASTRONOMICAL SYSTEM 181 15. THE EPICYCLES OF PTOLEMY 184 16. HEAVENS OF THE MIDDLE AGES 188 17. EMBLEMATIC DRAWING FROM ANCIENT ASTRONOMICAL WORK 193 18. EGYPTIAN SYSTEM 194 19. CAPELLA'S SYSTEM 195 20. THE COPERNICAN SYSTEM 205 21. TYCHO BRAHE'S SYSTEM 212 22. DESCARTES' THEORY OF VORTICES 216 23. VORTICES OF THE STARS 218 24. VARIATION OF DESCARTES' THEORY 219 25. THE EARTH FLOATING 237 26. THE EARTH WITH ROOTS 237 27. THE EARTH OF THE VEDIC PRIESTS 238 28. HINDOO EARTH 239 29. THE EARTH OF ANAXIMANDER 240 30. PLATO'S CUBICAL EARTH 241 31. EGYPTIAN REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH 243 32. HOMERIC COSMOGRAPHY 247 33. THE EARTH OF THE LATER GREEKS 256 34. POMPONIUS MELA'S COSMOGRAPHY 257 35. THE EARTH'S SHADOW 262 36. DITTO 263 37. DITTO 264 38. DITTO 264 39. THE COSMOGRAPHY OF COSMAS 268 40.