Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural TheologyWhewell, William
Religion
Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology
Whewell, William
Astronomy; Cosmic physics; Natural theology
We conceive then that it is so far from being an unsatisfactory
or unphilosophical process by which we collect the existence of
a Deity from the works of creation, that the process corresponds
most closely with that on which rests the most steadfast of our
convictions, next to that of our own existence, the belief of
the existence of other human beings. If any one ever went so far
in scepticism as to doubt the existence of any other person than
himself, he might, so far as the argument from final causes is
concerned, reject the being of God as well as that of man; but,
without dwelling on the possibility of such fantasies, when we
consider how impossible it is for men in general not to attribute
personality, purpose, thought, will to each other, in virtue of
certain combinations of appearances and actions, we must deem them
most consistent and reasonable in attributing also personality and
purpose to God, in virtue of the whole assemblage of appearances
and actions which constitute the universe, full as it is of
combinations from which such a suggestion springs. The vividness,
the constancy of the belief of a wise and good Being, thus
governing the world, may be different in different men, according
to their habit of directing their thoughts to the subject; but such
a belief is undoubtedly capable of becoming lively and steadfast
in the highest degree. It has been entertained and cherished by
enlightened and well-regulated minds in all ages; and has been,
at least since the rise of Christianity, not only the belief, but
a pervading and ruling principle of action of many men, and of
whole communities. The idea may be rendered more faint by turning
the mind away from it, and perhaps by indulging too exclusively in
abstract and general speculations. It grows stronger by an actual
study of the details of the creation; and, as regards the practical
consequences of such a belief, by a habit of referring our actions
and hopes to such a Governor. In this way it is capable of becoming
as real and fixed an impression as that of a human friend and
master; and all that we can learn, by observing the course of men’s
feelings and actions, tends to convince us, that this belief of
the being and presence and government of God, leads to the most
elevated and beneficial frame of mind of which man is capable.
2. How natural and almost inevitable is this persuasion of the
reality of Final Causes and consequent belief in the personality
of the Deity, we may gather by observing how constantly it recurs
to the thoughts, even of those who, in consequence of such
peculiarities of mental discipline as have been described, have
repelled and resisted the impression.
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