28. When Venus appears west of the Sun she rises before him in the morning, and is called the _Morning Star_: when she appears east of the Sun she shines in the evening after he sets, and is then called the _Evening Star_: being each in it’s turn for 290 days. It may perhaps be surprising at first, that Venus should keep longer on the east or west of the Sun than the whole time of her Period round him. But the difficulty vanishes when we consider that the Earth is all the while going round the Sun the same way, though not so quick as Venus: and therefore her relative motion to the Earth must in every Period be as much slower than her absolute motion in her Orbit, as the Earth during that time advances forward in the Ecliptic; which is 220 degrees. To us she appears through a telescope in all the various shapes of the Moon. 29. The Axis of Venus is inclined 75 degrees to the Axis of her Orbit; which is 51-1/2 degrees more than our Earth’s Axis is inclined to the Axis of the Ecliptic: and therefore the variation of her seasons is much greater than of ours. The North Pole of her Axis inclines toward the 20th degree of Aquarius, our Earth’s to the beginning of Cancer; and therefore the northern parts of Venus have summer in the Signs where those of our Earth have winter, and _vice versâ_. [Sidenote: Remarkable appearances.] 30. The [6]artificial day at each Pole of Venus is as long as 112-1/2 [7]natural days on our Earth. [Sidenote: Her Tropics and polar Circles, how situated.] 31. The Sun’s greatest Declination on each side of her Equator amounts to 75 degrees; therefore her[8] Tropics are only 15 degrees from her Poles; and her [9]Polar Circles as far from her Equator. Consequently, the Tropics of Venus are between her Polar Circles and her Poles; contrary to what those of our Earth are. [Sidenote: The Sun’s daily Course.] 32. As her annual Revolution contains only 9-1/4 of her days, the Sun will always appear to go through a Sign, or twelfth Part of her Orbit, in little more that three quarters of her natural day, or nearly in 18-3/4 of our days and nights. [Sidenote: And great declination.] 33. Because her day is so great a part of her year, the Sun changes his Declination in one day so much, that if he passes vertically, or directly over head of any given place on the Tropic, the next day he will be 26 degrees from it: and whatever place he passes vertically over when in the Equator, one day’s revolution will remove him 36-1/4 degrees from it. So that the Sun changes his Declination every day in Venus about 14 degrees more at a mean rate, than he does in a quarter of a year on our Earth. This appears to be providentially ordered, for preventing the too great effects of the Sun’s heat (which is twice as great on Venus as on the Earth) so that he cannot shine perpendicularly on the same places for two days together; and by that means, the heated places have time to cool.