Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles: And made easy to those who have not studied mathematicsFerguson, James
Science
Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles: And made easy to those who have not studied mathematics
Ferguson, James
Astronomy -- Early works to 1800
392. The number of Stars discoverable, in either Hemisphere, by the
naked eye, is not above a thousand. This at first may appear incredible,
because they seem to be without number: But the deception arises from
our looking confusedly upon them, without reducing them into any order.
For look but stedfastly upon a pretty large portion of the sky, and
count the number of Stars in it, you will be surprised to find them so
few. Or, if one considers how seldom the Moon meets with any Stars in
her way, although there are as many about her Path as in other parts of
the Heavens (the _Milky way_ excepted) he will soon be convinced that
the Stars are much thinner sown than he was aware of. The _British_
catalogue, which, besides the Stars visible to the bare eye, includes a
great number which cannot be seen without the assistance of a telescope,
contains no more than 3000, in both Hemispheres.
[Sidenote: The absurdity of supposing the Stars were made only to
enlighten our nights.]
393. As we have incomparably more light from the Moon than from all the
Stars together, it were the greatest absurdity to imagine that the Stars
were made for no other purpose than to cast a faint light upon the
Earth: especially since many more require the assistance of a good
telescope to find them out, than are visible without that Instrument.
Our Sun is surrounded by a system of Planets and Comets; all which would
be invisible from the nearest fixed Star. And from what we already know
of the immense distance of the Stars, the nearest may be computed at
32,000,000,000,000 of miles from us which is more than a cannon bullet
would fly in 7,000,000 of years. Hence ’tis easy to prove, that the Sun
seen from such a distance, would appear no bigger than a Star of the
first magnitude. From all this it is highly probable that each Star is a
Sun to a system of worlds moving round it though unseen by us;
especially, as the doctrine of a plurality of worlds is rational, and
greatly manifests the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of the great Creator.
[Sidenote: Their different Magnitudes.]
394. The Stars, on account of their apparently various magnitudes, have
been distributed into several classes or orders. Those which appear
largest are called _Stars of the first magnitude_; the next to them in
lustre, _Stars of the second magnitude_, and so on to the _sixth_, which
are the smallest that are visible to the bare eye. This distribution
having been made long before the invention of telescopes, the Stars
which cannot be seen without the assistance of these instruments are
distinguished by the name of _Telescopic Stars_.
[Sidenote: And division into Constellations.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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