Directly south of Orion lies the small constellation of Lepus, The
Hare, which is made up of third-magnitude and fourth-magnitude stars.
The four brighter stars are arranged in the form of a small, but
distinct, quadrilateral, or four-sided figure, which may be easily
seen in our latitudes. The small constellation of Columba, The Dove,
which lies just south of Lepus, is so close to the horizon that it
can not be seen to advantage in the mid-latitudes of the northern
hemisphere. Neither Lepus nor Columba contain any object of unusual
interest.
[Illustration: FEBRUARY--AURIGA]
Due north of Orion, and lying in the zenith at this time, is Auriga,
The Charioteer, represented, strange to say, with Capella, a goat, in
his arms. The beautiful first-magnitude star Capella, golden-yellow
in color, serves us in identifying the constellation. Close at hand
are The Kids, represented by a group of three faint stars. Capella
is one of the most brilliant stars of the northern hemisphere. It
is almost exactly equal in brightness to Arcturus and Vega, stars
conspicuous in the summer months, and it is a shade brighter than
magnificent blue-white Rigel in Orion. Capella is about fifty
light-years distant from the earth and is fully two hundred times
more brilliant than our own sun. At the distance of Capella, the sun
would appear to be considerably fainter than any one of the three
stars in the nearby group of The Kids.
Capella is attended by a companion star so close to its brilliant
ruler that it can not be seen as a separate star save with the aid of
the most powerful telescopes. Its distance from Capella has been very
accurately measured, however, by means of the interferometer, which
is giving us the measurements of the diameters of the giant stars. It
is known that this companion sun is closer to Capella than our planet
earth is to the sun.
At no time of the year shall we find near the meridian so many
brilliant and beautiful stars as appear in the month of February at
this time in the evening. In addition to Capella, which is one of
the three most brilliant stars in the northern hemisphere of the
heavens, we have, in Orion alone, two stars of the first magnitude,
Betelgeuze and Rigel, and five stars of the second magnitude,
Bellatrix and Saiph and the three stars in the Belt. In addition, we
have not far distant in the western sky, fiery Aldebaran in Taurus,
and close on the heel of Orion in the east, Sirius, the brightest
star in the heavens, in the constellation of Canis Major, The Greater
Dog, as well as the first-magnitude star Procyon in Canis Minor, The
Lesser Dog. Of these two groups we shall have more to say under the
constellations for March.
IV
MARCH
To the southeast of Orion and almost due south at eight o'clock in
the evening on the first of March lies the constellation of Canis
Major, The Greater Dog, containing Sirius, the Dog-star, which far
surpasses all other stars in the heavens in brilliancy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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