There is in Pisces not a single bright star, and its only point of
interest is to be found in the fact that it contains the point,
marked by the cross and letter V in the diagram, that is known
variously as "the vernal equinox," "the equinoctial point" and "The
First Point in Aries." This is a very important point of reference
in the heavens, just as the meridian of Greenwich is for the earth,
and it marks the point where the sun crosses the equator going north
in the spring. Owing to the Precession of the Equinoxes, as it is
called, this point is gradually shifting its position westward
through the zodiacal constellations at a rate that will carry it
completely around the heavens through the twelve zodiacal groups in
a period of 25,800 years. Since the beginning of the Christian era,
this point has backed from the constellation of Aries, which lies
just east of Pisces, into Pisces, though it still retains its name of
"The First Point in Aries."
XIII
DECEMBER
The eastern half of the sky on early December evenings is adorned
with some of the finest star-groups in the heavens; but as we are
considering for each month only the constellations that lie on or
near the meridian in the early evening hours, we must turn our
eyes for the present from the sparkling brilliants in the east to
the stars in the less conspicuous groups of Aries, The Ram, and
Cetus, The Whale. We will also become acquainted this month with
the beautiful and interesting constellation of Perseus, the hero of
mythical fame to whom we referred last month in connection with the
legend of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. Cetus, you will recall, represents
the sea-monster sent to devour Andromeda, the daughter of Cepheus and
Cassiopeia. We have included the constellation of Andromeda in our
diagram for this month, since it is so closely associated in legend
with the constellations of Perseus and Cetus, though we also showed
it last month.
The brightest star in Perseus, known as Alpha Persei, is at the
center of a curved line of stars that is concave or hollow toward
the northeast. This line of stars is called the Segment of Perseus,
and it lies along the path of the Milky Way, which passes from this
point in a northwesterly direction into Cassiopeia. According to the
legend, Perseus, in his great haste to rescue the maiden from Cetus,
the monster, stirred up a great dust, which is represented by the
numberless faint stars in the Milky Way at this point. The star Alpha
is in the midst of one of the finest regions of the heavens for the
possessor of a good field-glass or small telescope.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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