Many meteorites show signs of collisions and encounters with other
meteorites outside of the atmosphere as would be expected as they
travel in swarms and groups. Sometimes the entire meteorite is
composed of fragments of two or more distinct stones cemented
together. Such a stone is spoken of as a _breccia_.
In the third class of meteorites to which we now come, known as the
stony-iron meteorites, there is a network or sponge of nickel-iron
alloy, the interstices of which are filled with stony material.
When this network or sponge is continuous the meteorite is spoken of
as a stony-iron pallasite. When the network of metal is more or less
disconnected the meteorite is a meso-siderite.
If meteorites are heated in a vacuum, the conditions existing in
interplanetary space being thus produced to a certain extent, they
give forth their occluded gases and it has been found that these
gases give spectra identical with the spectra of certain comets.
Meteoric irons give forth hydrogen as their characteristic gas while
the gases occluded in the stony meteorites are chiefly the oxides
of carbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It has been found
that the amount of gases contained in a large meteorite or shower of
meteorites is sufficient to form the tail of a comet. These facts all
tend to strengthen the belief that meteorites are indeed cometary
fragments.
In view of the fact that some geologists believe meteorites may be
fragments of other worlds, it is of interest to know that so far no
fossil-bearing meteorites have been found, and if meteorites are
fragments of a shattered world, such worlds must have been reduced to
a molten condition at the time of the catastrophe.
The rapid passage of the meteorite through the air leaves a partial
vacuum in its trail into which rush the molecules of air from all
sides, producing the characteristic noises that accompany the passage
of a meteorite, which have been variously compared to the rattle of
artillery, the distant booming of cannons or the rumble of thunder.
There may be, also, explosions of inflammable gases occluded in the
crevices of the meteorite which will shatter it into fragments or
the meteorite may be shattered by the resistance and pressure of the
atmosphere or as a result of the extremes of temperature existing
between the interior and its surface. Many meteorites have actually
been seen to burst into fragments in the air with a loud report.
There is practically no foundation for the belief that germs of life
have been brought to our planet on such igneous rocks. No microscopic
examinations of meteorites have yielded any results that could be
interpreted in favor of such a view.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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