We shall have more to say about the equinoxes later, but for the present it is sufficient to remark that one of these points—that one where the sun is about the 21st of March, which is the beginning of astronomical spring—is the “Greenwich of the Sky,” or the vernal equinox. The other, opposite, point is called the autumnal equinox, because the sun arrives there about the 23d of September, the beginning of astronomical autumn. The vernal equinox, as we have already seen, serves as a pointer on the dial of the sky. When it crosses the meridian of any place it is astronomical noon at that place. Its position in the sky is not marked by any particular star, but it is situated in the constellation Pisces, and lies exactly at the crossing point of the celestial equator and the ecliptic. The hour circle, running through this point, and through its opposite, the autumnal equinox, is the prime meridian of the heavens, called the equinoctial colure. The hour circle at right angles to the equinoctial colure, _i. e._, bearing to it the same relation that the prime vertical does to the meridian (see Sect. 4), is called the solstitial colure. This latter circle cuts the ecliptic at two opposite points, called the solstices, which lie half-way between the equinoxes. Since the ecliptic is inclined 23½° to the plane of the equator, and since the solstices lie half-way between the two crossing points of the ecliptic and the equator, it is evident that the solstices must be situated 23½° from the equator, one above and the other below, or one north and the other south. The northern one is called the summer solstice, because the sun arrives there at the beginning of astronomical summer, about the 22d of June, and the southern one is called the winter solstice, because the sun arrives there at the beginning of the astronomical winter, about the 22d of December. The name solstice comes from two Latin words meaning “the standing still of the sun,” because when it is at the solstitial points its apparent course through the sky is for several days nearly horizontal and its declination changes very slowly. Now, just as there are two opposite points in the sky at equal distances from the equator, which mark the poles of the imaginary axis about which the celestial sphere makes its diurnal revolution, so there are two opposite points at equal distances from the ecliptic which mark the poles of the imaginary axis about which the yearly revolution of the sun takes place. These are called the poles of the ecliptic, and they are situated 23½° from the celestial poles—a distance necessarily corresponding with the inclination of the ecliptic to the equator. The northern pole of the ecliptic is in the constellation Draco, which you may see any night circling round the North Star, together with the Great Dipper and Cassiopeia.