Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
The constellation Cancer, or the Crab, was represented by the Egyptians
under the figure of a scarabaeus. The observer will probably think that
it is as easy to see a beetle as a crab there. Cancer, like Leo, is one
of the twelve constellations of the Zodiac, the name applied to the
imaginary zone 16 deg. degrees wide and extending completely around the
heavens, the center of which is the ecliptic or annual path of the sun.
The names of these zodiacal constellations, in their order, beginning at
the west and counting round the circle, are: Aries, Taurus, Gemini,
Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius,
and Pisces. Cancer has given its name to the circle called the Tropic of
Cancer, which indicates the greatest northerly declination of the sun in
summer, and which he attains on the 21st or 22d of June. But, in
consequence of the precession of the equinoxes, all of the zodiacal
constellations are continually shifting toward the east, and Cancer has
passed away from the place of the summer solstice, which is now to be
found in Gemini.
Below the Manger, a little way toward the south, your eye will be caught
by a group of four or five stars of about the same brightness as the
Aselli. This marks the head of Hydra, and the glass will show a striking
and beautiful geometrical arrangement of the stars composing it. Hydra
is a very long constellation, and trending southward and eastward from
the head it passes underneath Leo, and, sweeping pretty close down to
the horizon, winds away under Corvus, the tail reaching to the eastern
horizon. The length of this skyey serpent is about 100 deg.. Its stars are
all faint, except Alphard, or the Hydra's Heart, a second-magnitude
star, remarkable for its lonely situation, southwest of Regulus. A line
from Gamma Leonis through Regulus points it out. It is worth looking at
with the glass on account of its rich orange-tint.
Hydra is fabled to be the hundred-headed monster that was slain by
Hercules. It must be confessed that there is nothing very monstrous
about it now except its length. The most timid can look upon it without
suspecting its grisly origin.
Coming back to the Manger as a starting-point, look well up to the north
and west, and at a distance somewhat less than that between Regulus and
the Manger you will see a pair of first-magnitude stars, which you will
hardly need to be informed are the celebrated Twins, from which the
constellation Gemini takes its name. The star marked [alpha] in the map
is Castor, and the star marked [beta] is Pollux. No classical reader
needs to be reminded of the romantic origin of these names.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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