Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
Let us now begin with Map No. 19, which shows us the constellations of
Eridanus, Lepus, Orion, and Taurus. Eridanus is a large though not very
conspicuous constellation, which is generally supposed to represent the
celebrated river now known as the Po. It has had different names among
different peoples, but the idea of a river, suggested by its long,
winding streams of stars, has always been preserved. According to fable,
it is the river into which Phaeton fell after his disastrous attempt to
drive the chariot of the sun for his father Phoebus, and in which
hare-brained adventure he narrowly missed burning the world up. The
imaginary river starts from the brilliant star Rigel, in the left foot
of Orion, and flows in a broad upward bend toward the west; then it
turns in a southerly direction until it reaches the bright star Gamma
([gamma]), where it bends sharply to the north, and then quickly sweeps
off to the west once more, until it meets the group of stars marking the
head of Cetus. Thence it runs south, gradually turning eastward, until
it flows back more than half-way to Orion. Finally it curves south again
and disappears beneath the horizon. Throughout the whole distance of
more than 100 deg. the course of the stream is marked by rows of stars, and
can be recognized without difficulty by the amateur observer.
The first thing to do with your opera-glass, after you have fixed the
general outlines of the constellation in your mind by naked-eye
observations, is to sweep slowly over the whole course of the stream,
beginning at Rigel, and following its various wanderings. Eridanus ends
in the southern hemisphere near a first-magnitude star called Achernar,
which is situated in the stream, but can not be seen from our latitudes.
Along the stream you will find many interesting groupings of the stars.
In the map see the pair of stars below and to the right of Nu ([nu]).
These are the two Omicrons, the upper one being [omicron]¹ and the
lower one [omicron] squared. The latter is of an orange hue, and is remarkable
for the speed with which it is flying through space. There are only one
or two stars whose proper motion, as it is called, is more rapid than
that of [omicron] squared in Eridanus. It changes its place nearly seven
minutes of arc in a century. The records of the earliest observations we
possess show that near the beginning of the Christian era it was about
half-way between [omicron]¹ and [nu]. Its companion [omicron]¹, on the
contrary, seems to be almost stationary, so that [omicron] squared will
gradually draw away from it, passing on toward the southwest until, in
the course of centuries, it will become invisible from our latitudes.
This flying star is accompanied by two minute companions, which in
themselves form a close and very delicate double star. These two little
stars, of only 9.5 and 10.5 magnitude, respectively, are, of course
beyond the ken of the observer with an opera-glass. The system of which
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