Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
Observations of the proper motions of the Pleiades have shown that there
is an actual physical connection between them; that they are, literally
speaking, a flight of suns. Their common motion is toward the southwest,
under the impulse of forces that remain as yet beyond the grasp of human
knowledge. Alcyone was selected by Maedler as the central sun around
which the whole starry system revolved, but later investigations have
shown that his speculation was not well founded, and that, so far as we
can determine, the proper motions of the stars are not such as to
indicate the existence of any common center. They appear to be flying
with different velocities in every direction, although--as in the case
of the Pleiades--we often find groups of them associated together in a
common direction of flight.
Still another curious fact about the Pleiades is the existence of some
rather mysterious nebulous masses in the cluster. In 1859 Temple
discovered an extensive nebula, of a broad oval form, with the star
Merope immersed in one end of it. Subsequent observations showed that
this strange phenomenon was variable. Sometimes it could not be seen; at
other times it was very plain and large. In Jeaurat's chart of the
Pleiades, made in 1779, a vast nebulous mass is represented near the
stars Atlas and Pleione. This has since been identified by Goldschmidt
as part of a huge, ill-defined nebula, which he thought he could
perceive enveloping the whole group of the Pleiades. Many observers,
however, could never see these nebulous masses, and were inclined to
doubt their actual existence. Within the past few years astronomical
photography, having made astonishing progress, has thrown new light upon
this mysterious subject. The sensitized plate of the camera, when
applied at the focus of a properly constructed telescope, has proved
more effective than the human retina, and has, so to speak, enabled us
to see beyond the reach of vision by means of the pictures it makes of
objects which escape the eye. In November, 1885, Paul and Prosper Henry
turned their great photographing telescope upon the Pleiades, and with
it discovered a nebula apparently attached to the star Maia. The most
powerful telescopes in the world had never revealed this to the eye. Yet
of its actual existence there can be no question. Their photograph also
showed the Merope nebula, although much smaller, and of a different form
from that represented by its discoverer and others. There evidently yet
remains much to be discovered in this singular group, and the mingling
of nebulous matter with its stars makes Tennyson's picturesque
description of the Pleiades appear all the more life-like:
"Many a night I saw the Pleiads, rising through the mellow shade,
Glitter like _a swarm of fire-flies tangled in a silver braid_."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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