P. 18. Xenophanes’s age: Diels, _Vorsokr._ 11, B 8.—His criticism of Homer and Hesiod: _ibid._ 11, 12.—Titans and Giants: _ibid._ 1. 22.—Criticism of Anthropomorphism: _ibid._ 14-16.—Divination: Cic. _de div._ 1. 3, 5. P. 19. On Xenophanes’s conception of God, comp. _Vorsokr._ 11, B 23-26; on the identification of God with the universe: _Vorsokr._ 11, A 30, 31, 33-36.—Cicero: _de div._ 1. 3, 5. P. 21. For Xenophanes’s theology, comp. Freudenthal, _Arch. f. Gesch. d. Philos._ i. p. 322, and Zeller’s criticism, _ibid._ p. 524. Agreeing with Freudenthal: Decharme, p. 46; Campbell, _Religion in Greek Literature_, p. 293. P. 21. Parmenides does not even appear to have designated his “Being” as God (Zeller, i. p. 563). P. 23. In the eighteenth century people discussed diffusely the question whether Thales was an atheist (of course in the sense in which the word was taken at that time); comp. Tennemann, _Gesch. d. Philos._ i. pp. 62 and 422. Tennemann remarks quite truly that the question is put wrongly. P. 24. Thales: Diels, _Vorsokr._ 1, A 22-23.—Attitude of Democritus towards popular belief: _Vorsokr._ 55, A 74-79; comp. 116, 117; B 166, and also B 30. Diels, _Ueber den Dämonenglauben des D._ (_Arch. f. Gesch. d. Philos._ 1894, p. 154). P. 25. Trial of Anaxagoras: _Vorsokr._ 46, A 1, 17, 18, 19. P. 26. Ram’s head: _Vorsokr._ 46, A 16. P. 27. Geffcken (in _Hermes_, 42, p. 127) has tried to make out something about a criticism of popular belief by Anaxagoras from some passages in Aristophanes (_Nub._ 398) and Lucian (_Tim._ 10, etc.), but I do not think he has succeeded.—Pericles a free-thinker: Plut. _Pericl._ 6 and 38; comp. Decharme, p. 160.—Personality of Anaxagoras: _Vorsokr._ 46, A 30 (Aristotle, _Eud. Ethics_, A 4, p. 1215_b_, 6). P. 28. Herodotus: 8, 77.—Sophocles: _Oed. rex._ 498, 863.—Diopeithes: Plut. _Pericl._ 32 (_Vorsokr._ 46, A 17).—Thucydides: Classen in the preface to his 3rd ed., p. lvii. P. 29. Thucydides, a disciple of Anaxagoras: Marcellinus, _vit. Thuc._ 22.—Generally Thucydides is thought to have been more conservative in his religious opinions than I consider probable; see Classen, _loc. cit._; Decharme, p. 83; Gertz in his preface to the Danish translation of Thucydides, p. xxvii.—Hippo: _Vorsokr._ 26, A 4, 6, 8, 9; B 2, 3. P. 30. Aristotle: _Vorsokr._ 26, A 7.—Diogenes an atheist: Aelian, _v.h._ 2, 31.—The air his god: _Vorsokr._ 51, A 8 (he thought that Homer identified Zeus with the air, and approved of this as οὐ μυθικῶς, ἀλλ᾽ ἀληθῶς εἰρημενον); B 5, 7, 8.—Allusions to his doctrines by Aristophanes: _Nub._ 225, 828 (_Vorsokr._ 51, C 1, 2).