Athletics and Games of the Ancient GreeksPlummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
History
Athletics and Games of the Ancient Greeks
Plummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
Athletics; Olympics
In the Odyssey, on the other hand, the poet seems to evince a greater
inclination to linger over the scenes of sport, as being more in
harmony with his theme. A certain voluptuousness pervades the Odyssey;
the stern scenes of war, have vanished from the poet’s imagination, and
have been replaced by those of festivity and pleasure. A new generation
is described. Athletics have become less violent and the scenes are
embellished by the interspersion of music, dancing, and poetry.
The poet, conscious of the change, portrays the new order of things
among the Phæacians, a people inhabiting a blissful island on the
western edge of the world. Hither he leads the ocean-tossed Odysseus,
the representative of the older generation. The shipwrecked stranger
does not ask in vain of King Alkinoös for an escort that may guide him
homeward. Says Alkinoös to Odysseus:
“Say from what city, from what regions tossed,
And what inhabitants those regions boast?
So shalt thou quickly reach the realm assigned
In wondrous ships, self-moved, instinct with mind;
No helm secures their course, no pilot guides;
Like man intelligent they plow the tides,
Conscious of every coast and every bay
That lies beneath the sun’s all-seeing ray.”
_Odyssey_, Book viii.
But the hospitable king will not allow him to depart until a royal
entertainment has been provided.
First a feast was spread at the royal palace for Odysseus and the
Phæacian nobles; the famous bard, Demodokos, sang tales of heroes and
of gods. Then Alkinoös bade the Phæacian young men prepare for the
games in order that they might exhibit to the stranger their skill
in manly sports. Thereupon, the festive throng issued forth from the
palace to the assembly-place, and the Phæacian athletes exhibited
themselves in the foot-race and at the wrestling match, at leaping,
throwing the diskos, and boxing. All of these games, except leaping,
are mentioned also in the Iliad.
Then the son of Alkinoös, complimenting Odysseus on his massive body,
invites him to show his athletic skill. “There is no greater glory for
a man in all his life than what he wins with his own feet and hands,”
says Laodamas.
At first Odysseus declines, but when stung by the taunt of Euryalos he
decides to show his skill. “He spoke, and, with his cloak still on, he
sprang and seized a diskos, larger than the rest and thick, heavier by
not a little than those which the Phæacians were using for themselves.
This with a twist he sent from his stout hand. The stone hummed as it
went. Past all the marks it flew, swift speeding from his hands.”
Then Odysseus challenges the Phæacians to match his throw; and he
challenges any of the Phæacians, except his host, Laodamas, to contend
with him either in boxing, wrestling, or the foot-race,--it matters not
to him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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