Athletics and Games of the Ancient GreeksPlummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
History
Athletics and Games of the Ancient Greeks
Plummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
Athletics; Olympics
The festival was from the first under the charge of the Eleians. But
so liberal a policy did this nation adopt and pursue that people from
neighboring states were glad to send competitors. Rapidly the custom of
resorting to the games spread to more distant states. From an Eleian
event, the festival became Peloponnesian, and finally Panhellenic.
The Athenians and Thebans at a very early date achieved splendid
victories in these games. The Theban Pagondas was crowned victor in the
four-horse chariot race in the 25th Olympiad, when for the first time
this was a feature of the festival. Thus one state after another turned
its attention to the venerable celebration, and if it happened that a
citizen of one state was crowned victor in a contest, interest in the
games was sure to be increased in that locality.
Even in the absence of positive evidence it would be contrary to
reason to suppose that the games were originally established as they
existed at the time of Pindar. In fact, the different features were
added successively. According to a fairly reliable tradition, there
was originally and for twelve following Olympiads only one contest:
the δρόμος, a foot-race consisting of a single lap of a stadion of two
hundred yards. About 720 B. C., according to the tradition, was added
the δίαυλος, a race in which the stadion was traversed twice. Soon
afterward was added the δόλιχος, or long race, consisting of seven,
then of twelve and perhaps twenty-four laps. The next contest to be
introduced was the wrestling-match. In the same year that wrestling
was introduced, about the 18th Olympiad, the pentathlon made its
appearance. This feature, though consisting of five contests--leaping,
spear-throwing, diskos-pitching, running and wrestling--was
nevertheless a single event, inasmuch as victory in one contest alone
was not rewarded; an athlete to be crowned victor in the pentathlon
must win at least three of the contests. Boxing and the chariot race
are said to have been added in the 23d Olympiad. Thus the games grew
more elaborate, and the time over which they extended was increased
from a single day to five or six.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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