Auld lang syne. Second series : $b My Indian friendsMüller, F. Max (Friedrich Max)
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Auld lang syne. Second series : $b My Indian friends
Müller, F. Max (Friedrich Max)
India; Müller, F. Max (Friedrich Max), 1823-1900 -- Friends and associates
If Agni, as in hymn X, 1, is identified with Vish_n_u, i. e. the sun in
the zenith, we see how pliant the ideas of gods still were in the Veda.
This Vish_n_u in India became in time as independent a deity as Apollon
and Dionysos ever were in Greece, but they were all conceived as in the
beginning sons of heaven and earth, and as closely allied with the sun
in its various manifestations. The Vedic poet saw no difficulty in
recognising the same elementary power in the sun rising in the morning,
culminating at noon, and vanishing at night, nay in the fire on the
hearth, and in the fire of the sacrifice, as the divine guest, the
friend of the family, the priest on the altar. All this is not the Solar
Theory, it is the Solar Fact, and not easily to be disposed of by an
ignorant smile. Though Sanskrit scholars differ as much as other
scholars, the broad facts of the Solar Theory have never been called in
question by any competent authority, I mean, by anybody acquainted with
Greek and Latin, and a little of Vedic Sanskrit.
While Agni here appears before us as the god of light in general, and
often begins the procession of the daily gods as the light of the
morning, as chasing away the dark night, as holding aloft the radiant
sun, as leading forth the daughter of Dyaus (Διὸς θυγάτηρ), that is the
Dawn, he being represented sometimes as the brother of the Dawn,
sometimes as her lover[57], once even as kissing her[58], there are
other deities, equally representative of light, but more specialised in
their functions. Sûrya himself, the Greek Helios, appears among the
Vedic deities, and Ushas (Eos), the dawn, is called Sûrya-prabhâ or
sunshine.
We have so far watched the daily procession of the Vedic gods as
reflected in the hymns, beginning with Agni, as god of light, especially
the light of the morning, and in many respects the _alter ego_ of the
sun. We saw that in one sense the Dawn also is only a female repetition
of the auroral Agni (Agnir aushasya), and we met with a third
personification of the morning sun in the shape of Savit_ri_, who is
perhaps the most dramatic among the solar heroes, such as Mitra, Âditya,
Vish_n_u and others.
The procession of the matutinal gods, which we have followed so far
under the guidance of our old grammarian, Yâska, can be shown to rest on
even earlier authority. Thus we read in one of the hymns themselves,
Rig-Veda I, 157, 1:—
Agni awoke, from earth arises Sûrya,
Ushas, the great and bright, throws heaven open,
The pair of A_s_vins yoked their car to travel,
God Savit_ri_ has roused the world to labour.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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