Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
[Sidenote: Long large tube exhausted and illuminated. Spiral form of
discharge.]
(4) A large tube, 24 inches long and 2 inches in diameter, with ball and
point electrodes respectively, was exhausted, and the current passed
through it. The effects were similar in most respects to those produced
in the globular and bell receivers, but the streams of light assumed a
distinctly spiral form in their passage (see Plate XVIII. fig. 5). This
tube when placed between the poles of the magnet showed no effect, except
a slight condensation of the streams of light towards the sides of the
glass.
[Sidenote: Globular receiver again used.]
(5) The globular receiver first described was again used (the Tate pump
having been cleaned and working easier).
[Sidenote: Phosphorescent after-glow succeeding the spark.]
(_a_) When exhaustion was as good as it could be got, the spark struck
across in a single, slightly expanded, stream of rosy light, having a
tendency to curve upwards (see Plate XVIII. fig. 6). The electrodes had
but little glow round them, only just enough to distinguish the poles
apart. When the flow of the stream was interrupted by breaking contact
with one terminal, so that sparks passed in succession, we thought we
detected a faint blue phosphorescent after-glow succeeding each spark.
[Sidenote: Positive wire only attached.]
(_b_) The positive wire only was attached to one electrode, the negative
being unconnected. A set of faint whity-blue cobweb-looking streams of
light spread from the electrode all over the receiver, having a vibratory
motion. The spaces between these were dark, and there was no aura—the
effect being similar, but not quite so bright and pronounced, as when
both wires were attached (see Plate XVIII. fig. 7).
[Sidenote: Negative wire only attached.]
(_c_) The negative wire only was attached. The cobweb streams were
absent, or only shot out very occasionally. The main effect was a
straight nebulous stream of violet light, which commenced at the
electrode and spread out in a fan-shape towards the lower brass cap of
the receiver; while, at the same time, an aura or glow of similar light,
but fainter in quality, spread from the electrode over at least one half
of the receiver. This aura would no doubt have filled a small flask (see
Plate XVIII. fig. 8).
[Sidenote: Effect of gradual exhaustion on the discharge.]
(_d_) When exhaustion was first commenced, both electrodes of the
receiver (both wires being connected) threw out spider-web-like streams,
as in Experiment 1, pale blue from the one pole and somewhat rosy from
the other.
As the exhaustion progressed the pale-blue streams disappeared, while the
rosy flickering ones diminished in quantity and extent until ultimately
a single rosy stream of light crossed the receiver as in Experiment
5_a_. Upon admitting the air, these effects took place in an inverse
order—the single stream being gradually broken up, and the spider-webs
taking its place.
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