Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
“I cannot describe the awful grandeur of the scene; the heavens gradually
changed from murky blackness till they became like vivid fire, reflecting
a lurid glowing brilliancy over every thing. The ocean appeared like
a sea of vermilion lashed into fury by the storm, the waves dashing
furiously over our side, ever and anon rushed to leeward in crimson
torrents. Our whole ship—sails, spars, and all—seemed to partake of
the same ruddy hues. They were as if lighted up by some terrible
conflagration. Taking all together—the howling, shrieking storm, the
noble ship plunging fearlessly beneath the crimson-crested ways, the
furious squalls of hail, snow, and sleet, drifting over the vessel, and
falling to leeward in ruddy showers, the mysterious balls of electric
fire resting on our mast-heads, yard-arms, &c., and, above all, the awful
sublimity of the heavens, through which coruscations of auroral light
would shoot in spiral streaks, and with meteoric brilliancy,—there was
presented a scene of grandeur surpassing the wildest dreams of fancy.”
The foregoing picture presents a singular contrast to the yellow-white
Auroræ described as seen in high southern latitudes by Capt. Maclear,
and is interesting as a southern Aurora of a red or ruddy tint. Looking,
however, at the extreme rarity of red Auroræ in those latitudes, and
the description of “mysterious balls of electric fire resting on our
mast-heads, yard-arms, &c.” (a phenomenon not often noticed in connexion
with the Aurora), it suggests itself that the case in question may have
been an instance not of a true Aurora, but of an electric display, with
conditions approaching those experienced by travellers who have found
themselves in mountainous districts surrounded by storm-clouds charged
with electricity[6].
_Prof. Piazzi Smyth’s Typical Auroræ._
[Sidenote: Prof. Piazzi Smyth’s typical Auroræ.]
Prof. Piazzi Smyth was kind enough lately to send me the fourteenth
volume of the ‘Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Observatory,
Edinburgh, during the years 1870-1877.’ This volume, amongst its other
interesting matter, affords some valuable information on the subject
of the Aurora Borealis. The Aurora plates are five in number, three
comprising some well-executed chromo-lithographs of typical Auroræ, from
sketches made by Prof. Smyth, the other two plates being of the Aurora
spectrum. The Auroræ delineated are thus described:—
[Sidenote: Aug. 6, 1871, quiescent arc. August 21, 1871, active arc.]
Plate 5. (August 6, 1871.) An example of a mild quiescent kind of auroral
arc, with dark cavernous substratum. (August 21, 1871.) An example of a
bright large active arc darting out rays.
[Sidenote: Sept. 7, 1871, arc streamers and clouds. May 8, 1871, double
arc (longitudinal).]
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