Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
[Sidenote: Gave a height from 33 to 281 miles, and a mean of 130 miles.]
This method with 28 Auroræ gave a height from 33 to 281 miles and a mean
of 130 miles.
Galle has suggested (Pogg. Ann. cxlvi. p. 133) that the height of Auroræ
might be calculated from the amount of divergence between the apparent
altitude of the auroral corona and that indicated by the dipping-needle,
a principle which has been adopted in Prof. Heis’s apparatus before
described. The results do not differ materially from Professor Newton’s.
The conclusions to be arrived at from the foregoing instances and
opinions are certainly very puzzling. The terrestrial character of some
Auroræ seems well established. The height to which these phenomena _may_
ascend is left almost a matter of conjecture, and further observations
are very desirable.
_Phosphorescence._
[Sidenote: Phosphorescence. Phosphorescent bands. Storm-clouds which
threw out cirri. Shone with a sort of phosphorescence. Storm-cloud
surrounded by glories of a phosphorescent whiteness.]
In the voyage of the ‘Hansa’ (‘Recent Polar Voyages,’ p. 420), on the
9th September, 1869, at 10 P.M., Aurora gleams appeared in the west,
shooting towards the south. “Radiant sheaves and phosphorescent bands
mounted towards the zenith,” but the phantasmagoria quickly vanished.
M. Silbermann (‘Comptes Rendus,’ lxviii. p. 1120) mentions storm-clouds
which threw out tufts of cirri from their tops, which extended over
the sky, and resolved into, first, fine, and afterwards more abundant
rain. (I saw a fine day example of this on the Lago di Guarda, ending
in a copious discharge of rain attended with loud thunder and vivid
lightning.) Usually the fibres were sinuous; but in much rarer cases they
became perfectly rectilinear and surrounded the cloud like a glory, and
occasionally shone _with a sort of phosphorescence_. On the night of 6th
September, 1865, at 11 P.M., a stormy cloud was observed in the N.N.W.,
and lightning was seen in the dark cumulous mass. Around this mass
extended _glories of a phosphorescent whiteness_, which melted away into
the darkness of the starry sky. Round the cloud was a corona, and outside
this two fainter coronæ. After the cloud had sunk below the horizon the
glories were still visible.
[Sidenote: Sabine’s luminous cloud at Loch Scavaig, Skye. Other
observations of luminous clouds.]
Sabine mentions a cloud frequently enveloping Loch Scavaig, in Skye, as
being at night perfectly self-luminous, and that he saw rays, similar to
those of the Aurora, but produced in the cloud itself. Sabine also refers
to luminous clouds mentioned in Gilbert’s Annals, and to observations by
Beccaria, Deluc, the Abbé Rozier, Nicholson, and Colla; and to luminous
mists as observed by Dr. Verdeil at Lausanne in 1753, and by Dr. Robinson
in Ireland.
[Sidenote: Aurora at Melville Island.]
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