Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
Donati concluded that these facts were not reconcilable with the theory
of the Aurora depending on meteorological and electro-magnetic phenomena
of the globe. Since, too, we have not a yearly, but a ten-yearly period
of the Aurora, which coincides with that of sun-spots and terrestrial
magnetism, Donati supposed that the cosmic causes of the polar lights
were electro-magnetic currents between the sun and the earth. This would
explain the mode of propagation of the Aurora of 4th February. Conceive
an electric current going from the earth to the sun, or _vice versâ_;
certain phenomena of the Aurora could only be observed in those parts
of the atmosphere which have a determinate position or direction with
reference to this current; and consequently these phenomena would be
successively visible on the different meridians, as these meridians,
by reason of the earth’s rotation, assume the same position to the
current. For the Aurora to be visible certain meteorological and telluric
circumstances must, however, doubtless work together with the cosmical
cause.
_Geographical Distribution of Auroræ (Fritz and Loomis)._
[Sidenote: Geographical Distribution of Auroræ. Prof. Fritz’s and Prof.
Loomis’s line of frequency.]
Professors Fritz and Loomis have investigated this subject; and
Petermann’s ‘Mittheilungen,’ vol. xx. (1874), contains a paper by the
former, from which it appears that the northern limit of Auroræ chosen
by Professor Loomis nearly coincided, except in England, with a line of
frequency in Professor Fritz’s paper. This line nearly passes through
Toronto, Manchester, and St. Petersburg. Professor Loomis places it
as far north as Edinburgh. On a line across Behring’s Straits, and
coming down below 60° N. in America and the Atlantic, and just north of
the Hebrides, to Dröntheim, and including the most northern points of
Siberia, the frequency is represented by 100.
[Sidenote: Within this another zone of greatest frequency and intensity.]
Within this is another zone of greatest frequency and intensity, which
passes just south of Point Barrow, in lat. 72° N., on the northern coast
of America, and by the Great Bear Lake to Hudson’s Bay, where it reaches
a latitude of 60°, then on to Nain, on the coast of Labrador, and to the
south of Cape Farewell; then bending sharper to the northward, it passes
between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, near to the North Cape, on by
the northern ice-sea to Nova-Zembla and Cape Tschejuskin, and on just
to the north of the Siberian coast to the south of Kellett Land, thence
returning to Point Barrow.
[Sidenote: Lines on which annually nearly the same number of Auroræ are
seen.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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