Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
Mr. C. L. Prince, in his ‘Climate of Uckfield,’ p. 218, remarks that
displays of Auroræ are almost invariably followed by very stormy weather,
after an interval of from 10 to 14 days.
_Aurora and the Magnetic Needle._
[Sidenote: Aurora and the magnetic needle. Sir John Franklin’s
observations. Motion communicated to the needle was neither sudden
nor vibratory. Return of needle to its former position very gradual.
Different positions of the Aurora had considerable influence on the
direction of the needle. Needle disturbed when Aurora not visible.
Quiescent yellow Aurora produced no perceptible effect on needle. Return
of needle more speedy after formation of a second arch. Slow when
disturbance was considerable.]
Sir John Franklin, in his ‘Narrative’ (before referred to), gives
Lieutenant Robert Hood, R.N., the credit of being “the first who
satisfactorily proved, by his observations at Cumberland House (before
mentioned), the important fact of the action of the Aurora upon the
compass-needle,” and also “to have proved the Aurora to be an electrical
phenomenon, or at least that it induces a certain unusual state of
electricity in the atmosphere.” Sir John Franklin then mentions that
the motion communicated to the needle was neither sudden nor vibratory.
Sometimes it was simultaneous with the formation of arches, prolongation
of beams, or certain other changes of form or of activity of the Aurora.
But generally the effect of these phenomena upon the needle was not
visible immediately; but in about half an hour or an hour the needle had
obtained its maximum of deviation. From this its return to its former
position was very gradual, seldom regaining it before the following
morning, and frequently not until the afternoon, unless it was expedited
by another arch of the Aurora operating in a direction different from
the former one. The magnetic needle in the open air was disturbed by the
Aurora whenever it approached the zenith. Its motion was not vibratory
(as observed by Mr. Dalton), perhaps owing to the weight of the card.
It moved slowly to the E. or W. of the magnetic meridian, and seldom
recovered its original direction in less than eight or nine hours. The
greatest extent of its aberration was 45´. The arches of the Aurora were
remarked commonly to traverse the sky nearly at right angles to the
magnetic meridian; but deviation was not rare, and it was considered
that the different positions of the Aurora had considerable influence on
the direction of the needle. When an arch was nearly at right angles to
the magnetic meridian, the motion of the needle was towards the W. This
motion was greater when the extremity of the arch approached from the
west towards the magnetic north. A westerly motion also took place when
the extremity of an arch was in the true north, or about 36° to the west
of the magnetic north. The motion of the needle was towards the east
when the same end of an arch originated to the southward of the magnetic
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