Produced by MFR, Tom Cosmas and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) BY THE SAME AUTHOR. The Foraminifera An Introduction to the Study of the Protozoa by FREDERICK CHAPMAN, A.L.S., F.R.M.S. This book has been written with a view of meeting a demand which has arisen for a concise account of the Foraminifera, suited to the requirements of the student of Natural History and Palaeontology. With 14 plates and 42 illustrations in the Text. DEMY 8vo. CLOTH, 10s. 6d. [Illustration: The Keystone Printing Co., 552-4 Lonsdale St., Melb.] [Illustration: =A FOSSIL CRINOID= (Helicocrinus plumosus), about 5/6 nat. size, in Silurian Mudstone, Brunswick, Victoria. (_Spec. in Nat. Mus., Melbourne_). ] Australasian Fossils A Students' Manual of Palaeontology By FREDERICK CHAPMAN, Palaeontologist to the National Museum, Melbourne. Formerly Assistant in the Geological Department of the Royal College of Science, London. Assoc. Linnean Soc. [Lond.], F.R.M.S., etc. Author of "The Foraminifera," "A Monograph of the Silurian Bivalved Mollusca of Victoria," "New or Little-known Victorian Fossils in the National Museum," etc. With an Introduction by PROFESSOR E. W. SKEATS, D.Sc., F.G.S. GEORGE ROBERTSON & COMPANY PROPY. LTD., Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane and London. 1914. To PROFESSOR JOHN WESLEY JUDD this work is dedicated as a slight tribute of esteem, and in grateful acknowledgement of kindly help and encouragement through many years. CONTENTS. Page Preface 10 Introduction by Professor E. W. Skeats, D.Sc., F.G.S. 13 PART I.--GENERAL PRINCIPLES. Chap. I.--Nature and uses of Fossils 21 " II.--Classification of Fossil Animals and Plants 34 " III.--The Geological Epochs and Time-range of Fossils 41 " IV.--How Fossils are Found, and the Rocks They Form 51 PART II.--SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY. Chap. V.--Fossil Plants 82 " VI.--Fossil Foraminifera and Radiolaria 95 " VII.--Fossil Sponges, Corals and Graptolites 107 " VIII.--Fossil Starfishes, Sea-lilies and Sea-urchins 133 " IX.--Fossil Worms, Sea-mats and Lamp-shells 152 " X.--Fossil Shell-fish 174 " XI.--Fossil Trilobites, Crustacea and Insects 220 " XII.--Fossil Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals 257 Appendix.--Notes on Collecting and Preserving Fossils 315