In New Zealand the Oamaru Series, which is comparable in age with the Victorian Janjukian, contains numerous fish remains, chiefly teeth of sharks. These are: _Notidanus primigenius_, _N. marginalis_ (also occurring in the Waipara Series), _Galeocerdo davisi_, _Odontaspis incurva_, _O. cuspidata_, _O. attenuata_, _Lamna apiculata_, _L. compressa_, _Oxyrhina retroflexa_, _Carcharodon auriculatus_, _C. megalodon_ and _C. robustus_. The teeth of a Sting Ray, _Myliobatis plicatilis_ and of a species of Sea-bream, _Sargus laticonus_, also occur in this series (Fig. 130 F). =Pleistocene.--= A species of fish belonging to the family of the Perches, _Ctenolates avus_, has been described from freshwater carbonaceous shale of Pleistocene age from Nimbin on the Richmond River, New South Wales. =Amphibians: Their Structure.--= _AMPHIBIANS._--This group includes amongst living forms the Frogs, Toads, Newts, and Salamanders. The remains of amphibia are rare in Australasian rocks, and practically limited to the group of the Triassic Labyrinthodonts. The Amphibia are distinguished from Reptiles by certain changes which their young undergo after leaving the egg. In this intermediate stage they breathe by external gills, these being sometimes retained together with the internal lungs in the adult stage. In the older forms of this group the vertebra is of the nature of a notochord, the joints consisting of a thin bony ring with a gelatinous interior. The Labyrinthodontia have a long, lizard-like body, short pectoral limbs as compared with the pelvic, and five-toed feet. The skull is completely roofed over. The teeth are pointed, with a large pulp cavity and wall of infolded or plicated dentine (hence the name labyrinthodont--maze-tooth). The vertebrae are hollow on both sides, sometimes imperfectly ossified, and with a notochordal canal. Ventral aspect with bony thoracic plates. Cranial bones deeply sculptured, and carrying mucus canals. =Carbopermian Labyrinthodonts.--= The genus _Bothriceps_, probably an Archegosaurian, is represented by two species, _B. australis_ and _B. major_ from New South Wales (Fig. 132). The latter species occurs in the Oil Shale (Carbopermian) of Airly. [Illustration: =Fig. 132--Bothriceps major, A. S. Woodward.= Carbopermian. New South Wales. About 1/11th. nat. size (_After A. S. Woodward_). ] =Triassic Labyrinthodonts.--= From the Hawkesbury Series near Gosford, New South Wales, the labyrinthodont, _Platyceps wilkinsoni_ has been described. The skeleton is nearly complete and exposed on the ventral face; the head is 27mm. long and 32mm. broad. This specimen is associated with the remains of ganoid fishes, as _Palaeoniscus_ and _Cleithrolepis_, together with the equisetum-like plant _Phyllotheca_.