In this case it is believed that the implement may have fallen into a natural hollow or wombat-burrow. A bone pointer, such as used by native medicine men, was some years ago found buried in the Miocene marls of Waurn Ponds near Geelong. Its presence in so old a rock is easily explained from the fact that in the aboriginal ceremonies the pointer was buried after the incantations. Seeing the difficulties in the way of discovering reliable occurrences of man's handiwork in isolated examples amongst the older superficial deposits of silt and gravels, the ancient sand-dunes of Victoria, which date back at least to Upper Pliocene, should afford favourable conditions for the preservation of any really ancient kitchen middens, did such exist. Moreover, these deposits would have been less liable to disturbance when once they were covered, than the inland deposits, for the former are now consolidated into a tolerably hard stone. =Antiquity of Man in Australia.--= A strong argument in favour of a considerable antiquity for man in Australia is the fact that the dialects are many, and marriage and tribal customs more complex and intricate than would be found in a comparatively recent primitive race. In any case, it is quite possible, if not probable, that man was in southern Australia before the termination of the last phase of volcanic activity, since the tuff beds of Koroit, for example, are quite modern and were laid down on a modern sea-beach strewn with shells identical in species and condition with those now found thrown up in the vicinity at high tide. This view is quite compatible with the occurrence of dingo remains (assuming this animal was introduced by man) in cave deposits in Australia, associated with extinct forms of marsupials. * * * * * COMMON OR CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE FOREGOING CHAPTER. FISHES. _Thyestes magnificus_, Chapman. Silurian: Victoria. _Asterolepis australis_, McCoy. Middle Devonian: Victoria. _Ganorhynchus süssmilchi_, Etheridge fil. Devonian: New South Wales. _Gyracanthides murrayi_, A. S. Woodward. Lower Carboniferous: Victoria. _Acanthodes australis_, A. S. Woodward. Lower Carboniferous: Victoria. _Ctenodus breviceps_, A. S. Woodward. Lower Carboniferous: Victoria. _Strepsodus decipiens_, A. S. Woodward. Lower Carboniferous: Victoria. _Elonichthys sweeti_, A. S. Woodward. Lower Carboniferous: Victoria. _Physonemus micracanthus_, Chapman. Lower Carboniferous: Victoria. _(?) Deltodus australis_, Eth. fil. Carbopermian: Queensland. _Tomodus (?) convexus_, Agassiz. Carbopermian: New South Wales. _Edestus davisii_, H. Woodward. Carbopermian: W. Australia. _Peocilodus jonesi_, Agassiz. Carbopermian: W. Australia. _Gosfordia truncata_, A. S. Woodw. Triassic: New South Wales. _Myriolepis clarkei_, Egerton. Triassic: New South Wales. _Apateolepis australis_, A. S. Woodw. Triassic: New South Wales.