Australasian Fossils: A Students' Manual of PalaeontologyChapman, Frederick
Science
Australasian Fossils: A Students' Manual of Palaeontology
Chapman, Frederick
Paleontology -- Australia
It is, however, to the next group, the Hexacoralla, with septa in
multiples of six, twelve, and twenty-four, that we turn for the most
varied and abundant types of Corals in Silurian times. The genus
_Favosites_ (Honey-comb Coral) is extremely abundant in Australian
limestones (Fig. 69 B, C), such as those of Lilydale, Walhalla, and
Waratah Bay in Victoria, and of Hatton's Corner and other localities near
Yass, in New South Wales. _Pleurodictyum_ is also a familiar type in the
Australian Silurian, being one of the commonest corals in the Yeringian
stage; although, strange to say, in Germany and N. America, it is typical
of Devonian strata (Fig. 69 E). _Pleurodictyum_ had a curious habit of
growing, barnacle fashion, on the side of the column of the crinoids
or sea-lilies which flourished in those times. _Syringopora_, with its
funnel-shaped tabulae or floor partitions, is typical of many Australian
limestones, as those from Lilydale, Victoria, and the Delegate River, New
South Wales. _Halysites_ (Chain Coral), with its neat strings of tubular
and tabulated corallites joined together by their edges, is another
striking Coral of the Silurian period (Fig. 69 F). This and the earlier
mentioned _Syringopora_, is by some authors regarded as belonging to the
Alcyonarian Corals (typically with eight tentacles). _Halysites_ is known
from the limestones of the Mitta Mitta River, N.E. Gippsland, Victoria;
from the Molong and Canobolas districts in New South Wales; from the
Gordon River limestone in Tasmania; and from Chillagoe in Queensland.
Abroad it is a well known type of Coral in the Wenlockian of Gotland
in Scandinavia, and Shropshire in England, as well as in the Niagara
Limestone of the United States.
=Silurian Octocoralla.--=
Perhaps the most important of the Octocoralla is _Heliolites_
("Sunstone"), which is closely allied to the Blue Coral, _Heliopora_, a
frequent constituent of our modern coral reefs. The genus _Heliolites_
has a massive, calcareous corallum, bearing two kinds of pores or tubes,
large (autopores) containing complete polyps, and small (siphonopores)
containing the coenosarc or flesh of the colony. Both kinds of tubes are
closely divided by tabulae, whilst the former are septate. _Heliolites_ is
of frequent occurrence in the Silurian limestones of New South Wales and
Victoria (Fig. 69 G).
=Devonian Corals.--=
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