The Brachiopod fauna of Carbopermian age in New South Wales is rich in species of _Productus_ and _Spirifer_. Amongst the former are _P. cora_ (also found in Western Australia, Queensland and Tasmania), _P. brachythaerus_ (also found in Western Australia and Queensland), (Fig. 87 A), _P. semireticulatus_ (also found in Western Australia, Queensland and the Island of Timor, and a common species in Europe), and _P. undatus_ (also found in Western Australia and Queensland, as well as in Great Britain and Russia). _Strophalosia_ is an allied genus to _Productus_. It is a common form in beds of the same age in W. Australia, Tasmania, and New South Wales. The best known species is _S. clarkei_ (Fig. 87 B). This type of shell is distinguished from _Productus_ in being cemented by the umbo of the ventral valve, which valve is also generally less spinose than the dorsal. When weathered the shells present a peculiar silky or fibrous appearance. The genus _Spirifer_ is represented in W. Australia by such forms as _S. vespertilio_, _S. convolutus_, _S. hardmani_, _S. musakheylensis_, and _S. striatus_; whilst _S. vespertilio_ and _S. convolutus_ are common also to New South Wales (Fig. 87 C), and the latter only to Tasmania. _S. vespertilio_ is found in the Gympie beds near Rockhampton, Queensland; and _S. tasmaniensis_ in Queensland (Bowen River Coal-field, Marine Series), New South Wales and Tasmania. Of the smoother, stout forms, referred to the sub-genus _Martiniopsis_, we may mention _S. (M.) subradiatus_, which occurs in W. Australia, New South Wales, and Tasmania (Fig. 87 D). In the Queensland fauna, the Gympie series contains, amongst other Brachiopods _Productus cora_, _Leptaena rhomboidalis_ var., _analoga_, _Spirifer vespertilio_ and _S. strzeleckii_. Other Carbopermian Brachiopod genera found in Australian faunas are _Cleiothyris_, _Dielasma_, _Hypothyris_, _Reticularia_, _Seminula_, _Cyrtina_, and _Syringothyris_. =Triassic Brachiopods.--= The Kaihiku Series of New Zealand (Hokonui Hills and Nelson) are probably referable to the Trias. The supposed basal beds contain plants such as _Taeniopteris_, _Cladophlebis_, _Palissya_ and _Baiera_. Above these are marine beds containing Brachiopods belonging to _Spiriferina_, _Rhynchonella_, _Dielasma_ and _Athyris_. The succession of these beds presents some palaeontological anomalies still to be explained, for the flora has a decided leaning towards a Jurassic facies. Next in order of succession the Wairoa Series, in the Hokonui Hills and Nelson, New Zealand, contains _Dielasma_ and _Athyris wreyi_. The succeeding series in New Zealand, the Otapiri, or Upper Triassic contains the Brachiopod genera _Athyris_[3] and _Spiriferina_, found at Well's Creek, Nelson. [Footnote 3: Referred by Hector to a new sub-genus _Clavigera_, which name, however, is preoccupied.] =Jurassic Brachiopods.--= [Illustration: =Fig. 88--MESOZOIC BRACHIOPODS.=