Arrival of Governor Hunter--His efforts for reformation--Advancement of the Colony towards supplying its own wants--Wild Cattle found--Coal discovered--Governor's regulations--Incendiarism--Natives troublesome--Difficulties in governing New South Wales--Crimes common--Laxity of public opinion--The gaols at Sydney and Paramatta purposely set on fire--Departure of Governor Hunter--Captain King succeeds him--Norfolk Island abandoned--Sketch of Norfolk Island--Settlement of Van Diemen's Land--Free Settlers--Philip Schoeffer--The Presbyterian Settlers at Portland Head--Resignation of Governor King--Captain Bligh his successor--Great Flood of the Hawkesbury--Unpopularity of the Governor--Seizure of his person--Rebellion--Usurpation--Arrival of a new Governor, Colonel Macquarie--Improvements in his time--Road-making--Passage across the Blue Mountains--Public Buildings--Patronage of Emancipists--Discoveries in the Interior, and Extension of the Colony--Continued neglect of the spiritual need of the Colonists--Governor Macquarie's Departure--His own statement of the progress of the Settlement under his administration. CHAPTER IX. [Page 243.] Subject stated--Day-dreams of Colonization--Local divisions of New South Wales--Its Counties--Cumberland--Camden--Illawarra and the Cow Pastures--Argyle--Bathurst--Northumberland--Coal Pits--Hunter's River--Remaining Counties--Sydney--Port Jackson--Buildings, &c. of Sydney--Commerce--Public Press--Paramatta--Windsor--Liverpool-- Conclusion. CHAPTER X. [Page 266.] Description of Van Diemen's Land--Its local Divisions--Its general Character and Aspect--Hobart Town--Launceston--Other Australian Colonies--Port Phillip--South Australia--Adelaide--Western Australia-- Its Towns--North Australia. CHAPTER XI. [Page 286.] Climate of Australia--Drought--Agriculture--Flocks and Herds--Government of the Colonies--Discontent--Means of National Improvement--Bishopric of Australia--Tribute of Thanks justly due to the Whig Government-- Effects of a Bishop being resident in New South Wales--Educational provision made by George the Fourth--Dr. Lang's Account of it--Judge Burton's--Church and School Corporation, established in 1826; suspended in 1829; dissolved in 1833--Causes of this change of Policy-- Conclusion. CHAPTER XII. [Page 307.] Inhabitants of Australian Colonies--What seed has been there sown-- Elements of Society in the Penal Colonies--Convicts--System of Assignment--Public Gangs--Mr. Potter Macqueen's Establishment--Norfolk Island and its horrors--These have been mitigated of late years--Means of reforming Convicts--Prevalence of Vice among them--The class of Convicts called _specials_ described. CHAPTER XIII. [Page 325.]