There is another tiny, little, dull yellow species found under stones in ants’ nests that Silvestri has named _Lepisma cursitans_. In the dry western scrubs of the interior under stones, hiding in the dust, I collected _Lepisma producta_. In a natural open cave among the sandstone cliffs on the sea shore near Gosford N.S.W. I found a number of a very large species resting on the bare rock, with a striking resemblance to small dried shrimps; for this peculiar species Silvestri proposes the name of _Allomachilus froggatti_. Order II.--ORTHOPTERA. Cockroaches, Grasshoppers, Termites, &c. [Illustration: =Fig. 2.=--Mouth Parts of a Grasshopper, Showing the different parts. 1. The labrum, or upper lip. 2. Mandibles. 3. Jaws. 4. The lower labrum. 5. Tongue. (Redrawn from Duncan’s “Transformations of Insects.”)] The members of this order are known as straight winged insects, because the narrow membranous fore wings (elytra) are usually laid flat along the sides of the body, covering the fan-shaped hind wings that are folded up beneath them. In some of the families we find groups or individuals with the wings rudimentary or so modified in structure as to be useless for flight, and in a few the perfect insects of one or both sexes are wingless. In some, like the typical grasshoppers, the hind legs have the thighs greatly developed and adapted for springing or jumping; in the Mantids the two hind pairs of legs are simple, but the front pair are produced into curved, spined tibiae and femora, weapons well adapted to capture their prey. The mouth parts are composed of a rounded upper lip, with two stout mandibles, and a pair of jaws to which are attached jointed appendages (maxillary palpi), the labrum or hind lip bearing similar appendages called the labial palpi; besides these they have a stout spade-shaped tongue, so that they both bite off and chew up their food. Though the majority are vegetarian in their habits, one group, the mantids, are carnivorous, and in these insects the mouth parts are produced into a sharp point to the tip of the jaws. They emerge from the eggs that are deposited singly or in masses in or upon the ground or attached to the twigs of their food plant; as baby insects they are much like the adult, undergoing a series of moults without any true pupal stage, until in the last moult they emerge with fully developed wings and reproductive organs.