The Bird-winged Butterflies (_Ornithoptera_) are represented by three more or less distinct species from the mainland, and a fourth from Darnley Island. _O. richmondia_, typical of the group, is the southern form, ranging from the Richmond River, N.S.W., into Southern Queensland. The smaller male measures about 6 inches across the wings, which are rich velvety black, with a bright green stripe along the front of the fore wings; the whole of the body is golden; and the hind wings except the black margins and four black spots are of a slightly brighter tint. The large female is of a uniform dark blackish brown with white markings on the wings. _O. (cassandra) euphorion_, found from Mackay to Cairns, N.Q., is somewhat larger, with a second stripe of green on the fore wings, and a row of golden spots on the hind pair. The large black caterpillars have short black fleshy spines along the sides of the body, with the front ones bright red. Rippon has recently monographed the Ornithoptera, and places our species in the Genus _Troides_, but I prefer to retain the original name, under which our species are so well known. The Genus _Papilio_ contains 18 species in Miskin’s Catalogue, reduced to 15 in Waterhouse’s list, many of them with a very wide range. _Papilio sarpedon_ is common in Sydney gardens, and extends away up the coast to India and Ceylon. Olliff called it the “Wanderer” from its rapid restless flight. It is of a general black colour, with sharp angular fore wings, and rounded crenulated hind wings coming to a blunt finger-like tail at the tips. The centre of both pairs of wings is pale green forming a broad elongate stripe, widest in the centre, and with a row of fine crescent-shaped spots down the sides of the hind pair. The larvae are short, green, slug-like creatures with a patch of yellow on the back; they feed upon the foliage of the camphor laurel.