The Black Orchard Butterfly, _Papilio erectheus_ (now known as _P. aegeus_), is a larger black insect with an irregular band of white crossing the tips of the fore wings; the centre of each hind one is occupied by a rounded mauve patch; the edges are crenulated, tipped with white, and have a red eye-like spot on the inner margin. The female is much larger; has the inner portion of the fore wings black, but the outer portions dusky white; the hind wings are black at the base, banded with white shaded with black, and have a row of red spots round the margins. The mottled orange green larva is furnished with a broad head, from which shoot out a pair of retractile fleshy horns when touched, at the same time giving off a musky scent. They feed upon the foliage of orange trees, and when numerous are a nuisance in the plant nurseries. The larvae of Macleay’s butterfly (_Papilio macleayanus_) feed upon the foliage of the Sassafras in the Illawarra district, and range from Tasmania to Cairns N.Q. The butterfly is somewhat after the same slender shape as _P. sarpedon_, but has the hind wings produced into slender swallow tails. The portion of the wings surrounding the body is pale green, the outer parts black, with three small green patches toward the front of the fore pair, and a row of small spots along the lower edges of the hind pair. The Imperial Swallow Tail, _Papilio ulysses_, measures 5 inches across the wings, which are rich metallic blue margined with deep velvety black, and are produced into long swallow tails behind. It is found in the tropical scrubs of North Queensland ranging up into the Malay Archipelago, and for shape and colour is one of the most beautiful butterflies in the world, but should be seen in its native haunts to fully admire its beauty as it goes floating through the tropical brushes. [Illustration: Plate XXI.--LEPIDOPTERA. Family NYMPHALIDAE. 1. _Heteronympha merope_ (Fabr.). ♂. 2. _Heteronympha merope_ (Fabr.). ♀. 3. _Danais hamata_ (Macl.). 4. _Cethosia cydippe_ (Linn.). (Original photo. Burton.)] [Illustration: _Plate XXI.--LEPIDOPTERA._] The last of this genus I shall notice is the very distinct yellow and black butterfly, _Papilio sthenelus_, which has a wide range from South Australia to Queensland, and is one of the very few large butterflies found far inland. The Painted Gauzewing, _Eurycus cressida_, is a rare species in N.S. Wales, though recorded from as far south as Sydney, but is abundant in the tropical northern scrubs. The male has the fore wings denuded of scales and semitransparent, with the shoulders and two spots in the front black; the hind ones are black mottled with white and red, the latter colour also on the sides of the thorax and tip of the abdomen. The female is smaller, of a dull brown colour, with semitransparent wings, looking very much like a small rubbed specimen of the male; the amateur collector generally discards them under that impression.