_Mastotermes darwiniensis_ is the largest common species taken flying round the lights at night in North Queensland and Port Darwin. It is very dark brown, with thickly veined wings, and measures 1⅓ inches in length from the front of the head to the tip of the folded wings. Nothing is known of its nests or the other forms of this species. It is the sole representative of the sub-family. I have, through the observations of Mr. N. W. Christie of Port Darwin, good reasons for believing that _Termes errabundus_, described from the soldiers and workers only, is identical with this giant termite. He informs me that at Point Charles he finds the nests in every old post or stump in the wet season. _Calotermes longiceps_ is the common Sydney species of this group, of which we have six described from Australia, and one from New Zealand. The soldier measures ½ inch in length, with a long broad head armed with blackish projecting jaws, which are irregularly toothed on the inner edges. The _Calotermes_ live in logs and trees in small communities; they form no regular nest; this species is found in logs of firewood about Sydney. In some species the soldiers are very rare, the community consisting of immature winged forms and workers. [Illustration: Plate III.--ORTHOPTERA. Family TERMITIDAE. Termitarium of the Meridonial White Ant, _Termes meridionalis_ (Froggatt). “The Magnetic Nest,” Palmerston, Port Darwin, N. Australia. (Original photo. N. Holtz.)] [Illustration: _Plate III.--ORTHOPTERA._] * * * * * In the RHINOTERMINAE we have two species, differing from the former group in having the wings very finely wrinkled or reticulated; and also in having two distinct forms of soldiers, one much larger than the other, but both with pear shaped heads and pointed finely-toothed jaws. _Rhinotermes intermedius_ is not uncommon in old stumps about Sydney; the winged forms are of a light reddish brown colour with delicate wings; both the workers and soldiers of the major type have large yellow heads, the latter armed with curved jaws; while the heads of the small form of soldiers are much more slender. [Illustration: =Fig. 11.=--Typical Domed Termitarium or “White Ants’ Nest” from the coastal districts of New South Wales. Formed by _Coptotermes (Termes) lacteus_ (Froggatt). (“Agricultural Gazette,” N.S.W.)] [Illustration: =Fig. 12.=--Vertical section of nest of the same species shewing the structure of the woody interior, with the outer clay covering. (“Agricultural Gazette,” N.S.W.)]