The Sub-family IDIOCOCCIINAE comprises a number of very curious coccids, some of which are naked; some form waxy tests; while others are enveloped in woody galls. Maskell, who created this division, says they are separated from the MONOPHLEBIINAE by the absence of anal tubercles and the antennae, and from the BRACHYSCELIINAE by the absence of anal appendages. The members of the Genus _Sphaerococcus_ number 21 described species, all but two of which are peculiar to Australia; some form galls, others waxy tests. _Sphaerococcus pirogallus_ cover the whole of the tips of the bushes of _Leptospermum flavescens_ with its curious little pear-shaped galls. At first pink or red, these galls are dull brown when full grown, and have an aperture on the side of the stalk, and the coccid within is attached to a saucer-like rim on the roof of the apex. This is one of the commonest galls about Sydney; acres of these low bushes often have the whole of their foliage covered with masses of these small galls. _S. melaleucae_ does not form a gall, but surrounds itself with a dark waxy secretion like the lac insect; both scales and twigs are often blackened with smut or fumagine. _L. leptospermi_ forms a swelling in the twig which looks as if the tissue had risen over it like a blister and then split down the middle, exposing the dorsal surface. _S. froggatti_ is very common on the tips of Melaleuca bushes growing about Sydney; the dull red coccid is clothed with white secretion resting in an excrescence fringed with slender, reddish brown finger-like processes curling over in an irregular protective gall. _S. socialis_ produces a very curious greyish globular gall with no opening on the outside, and measures up to ½ an inch in diameter. Maskell says: “The outer surface is formed of very closely imbracted scales, which are apparently aborted and coalesced leaves of the tree”; the interior is of a loose structure containing several female coccids, and a few males. It was collected by Lea near Geraldton, W. Australia. The Genus _Cylindrococcus_ contains 3 species which form curious cone-like galls upon the twigs of the She-oak, _Casuarina_. _Cylindrococcus spiniferus_ varies much in size and shape. They are often very numerous, covering the whole of the bush with their curious, rough, bracteate galls, which are rounded at the base and taper to the extremity. The female, a cylindrical, dull red creature, is enclosed in an elongate, thin tube, which occupies the centre of the gall; this tube is attached at the base of the gall and is surrounded with the bracts. Some of the typical forms might be easily mistaken for seed cones. _C. amplior_, which is a more solitary species, forms a solid seed-shaped gall with the base set in a bract like the calyx of a flower, and the whole might be likened to an unopened bud. It is found in South Australia and the north-western parts of Victoria. [Illustration: Plate XXXV.--HOMOPTERA. Family COCCIDAE.