1. _Apiomorpha duplex_ (Schr.). ♀ Gall. 2. _Sphaerococcus leptospermi_ (Mask.). ♀ Galls. 3. _Cylindrococcus spiniferus_ (Mask.). ♀ Galls.] [Illustration: _Plate XXXV.--HOMOPTERA._] The Sub-family BRACHYSCELIINAE contains some of the most remarkable insects in our fauna. They were first noticed by Schrader (Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W. 1862), who described and figured a number of our commonest species and their galls; to these I have added a number of new species (Pro. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1892–1898). They are all gall makers; the beautiful little larva born in the gall is usually yellow, oval, flattened, and fringed round the margin with short glassy filaments. In most species the full-grown female has antennae and legs aborted, and becomes simply a sac of eggs and liquid matter enclosed in a leathery skin, and is furnished with horny tail appendages. The Genus _Frenchia_ was formed by Maskell for a species, _Frenchia casuarinae_, which forms a gall like a stout blunt thorn; it is about the thickness of a slate pencil and has a small opening at the apex. These twig-like galls spring directly from the branch of the infested _Casuarina_, while the aborted tissue at the base swells out like a blister. The slender, attenuated, red female coccid rests head downward with the tail reaching up to the apical orifice of the gall. A second species, _F. semiocculta_, forms a raised swelling on the twigs of _Casuarina_, with a cleft in the centre, thus forming two lobes. The first is common in Tasmania, Victoria, and N.S. Wales; the latter was collected at Manly, near Sydney.