Just as the Mantis has adapted its colour and shape to catch its prey, so the phasma to protect itself from its many enemies has evolved wonderful leaf-like processes upon the wings and legs, agreeing in style with the surrounding foliage. It is noticeable that the larger bodied female is often more leaf-like than her slender mate, probably because more helpless; this is particularly so in the gravid or egg-laying condition. G. R. Gray described a number of our species in the Transactions of the Entomological Society 1836, and others in the “Entomology of Australian Phasmidae” 1833, and later in his “Synopsis Phasmidae”; Westwood in his “Catalogue of the Orthopterous Insects in the British Museum” 1859 describes some; a few have been described by Macleay, Leach, McCoy and Rainbow, bringing our list up to about 60 species. In Kirby’s Catalogue 95 species are listed from all parts of the world, but no additions are made to our list. The members of the Genus _Bacillus_ are slender, wingless, stick-like creatures of which 5 species are recorded from Australia. The Great Brown Phasma, _Acrophylla titan_, is the type of one of our groups, containing 11 species described from this country. The female measures 8 inches to the tip of the body, and is slightly broader across the outspread wings; the general form of head and thorax to base of tegmina is slender; the abdomen is thickened; the legs and mesothorax are spiny. The general colour is greyish brown; the tegmina light brown, but thickly blotched with blue-black so that it is often more black than brown; the wings are very large with the costal area broad and similar in colour to the tegmina, but shaded with red at base, the hind membranous part of them light chocolate irregularly mottled with dull greyish brown. The male is more slender in form, about an inch shorter, the smaller tegmina mottled with greenish yellow; the front of the wings, which are proportionately small, are of the same colour, and the hind portion dark chocolate finely mottled with light brown. This large stick-insect used to be common about Sydney before the scrub was cleared away, and ranges northward up the coast. Gray says: “It is found on low scrubs about Port Jackson where the inhabitants call it “Walking Straw” or the “Animated Stick.” [Illustration: =Fig. 19.=--Group of Gregarious Phasmids, _Podacanthus wilkinsoni_ (Macleay) resting upon denuded eucalyptus foliage. (“Agricultural Gazette,” N.S.W.)]