_T. rhodomus_ is figured and described by McCoy; it measures 6 inches in length and 9 across the outspread wings. With closed wings it is a rich green, but when they are expanded, the basal portion of the wings is bright red, with the apical portion green, and the rest semitransparent. The tegmina is short, leaf-like, green above, but shaded with red on the under-surface. This is one of the short-necked broad-bodied forms, and while the fore-legs are long and slender, the thighs of the mid and hind pair are dilated into flattened leaf-like forms; it is found, clinging among the foliage of the gum trees, from Victoria to Queensland. The typical _T. childreni_ differs from this form in having the basal portion of the apical area of the wings yellow instead of red, and the hyaline wings tinged with yellow. McCoy has figured another under the name of _T. iodomus_: and Rainbow a fourth from the neighbourhood of Sydney under the name of _T. decipiens_ which also comes very close to the typical species; it has the basal portion of the apical area of the wings purple. [Illustration: =Fig. 20.=--The Spiny Green Leaf Insect. _Extatosoma tiaratum_ (Macleay). (“Agricultural Gazette,” N.S.W.)] _Extatosoma tiaratum_ is remarkable for the great difference in the sexes; the male is a rare insect, about 4 inches long; is a dull dark green, with small tegmina; the wings are large, rounded at the tip, the apical margin green with the rest semiopaque, dark brown, mottled with whitish bands; the head is conical, coming to a point at the summit and cleft in the centre, covered with fine tubercles. The female measures about 5 inches, is of a similar colour, large and swollen in proportion; the tegmina are represented by two flaps, and the wings are wanting. The head is of the same conical shape as that of the male, but larger; neck short and stout; the legs produced into dilated spiny leaf-like processes, cut out and arcuate like the leaves of holly; and the lower segments of the abdomen are fringed with spiny leaf-like appendages. Often the large body is mottled with white specks and smutty blotches, giving it a wonderful resemblance to the foliage among which it hides. It has a very wide range from Tasmania to New Guinea. [Illustration: =Fig. 21.=--A group of Spiny Green Leaf Insects, _Extatosoma tiaratum_ placed on a Japanese Holly bush to show protective mimicry. (“Agricultural Gazette” N.S.W.)] _Clemacantha regale_ is a large, handsome, very long phasma over 9 inches in length, of a combined yellow and green tint; the head is striped with parallel green and pale yellow. The leaf-like tegmina are striped with white; wings have the apical area green shaded with pink at base; rest semitransparent with a blue tint. It ranges from N.S. Wales to Queensland. Family 8. Short-horned Grasshoppers. ACRIDIIDAE.