In this dialogue we first seem to catch the voice of Plato himself as
distinct from that of Socrates. The latter was undoubtedly most keenly
interested in the more human process of questioning and refuting, his
object being the workmanlike creation of exact definitions. But Plato
was of a different mould; his was the soaring spirit which felt its
true home to be the supra-sensible world of Divine Beauty, Immortality,
Absolute Truth and Existence. Starting with the fleshly conception of
Love natural to a young man, he leads us step by step towards the great
conclusion that Love is nothing less than an identification of the self
with the thing loved. No man can do his work if he is not interested
in it; he will hate it as his taskmaster. But when an object of pursuit
enthrals him it will intoxicate him, will not leave him at peace till
he joins his very soul with it in union indissoluble. This direct
communication of Mind with the object of worship is Mysticism. It is the
very core of the highest form of religious life; it purifies, ennobles,
and above all it inspires. To the mystic the great prophet is the
Athenian Plato, whose doctrine is that of the Christian "God is love"
converted into "Love is God". It is not entirely fanciful to suggest
that Plato, in saying farewell to the definitely Socratic type of
philosophy, gave his master as his parting gift the greatest of all
tributes, a dialogue which is really the "praise of Socrates".
The intoxication of Plato's thought is evident in the _Phaedrus_. This
splendid dialogue marks even more clearly the character of the new wine
which was to be poured into the Socratic bottles. Phaedrus and Socrates
recline in a spot of romantic beauty along the bank of the Ilissus.
Phaedrus reads a paradoxical speech supposed to be written by Lysias,
the famous orator, on Love; Socrates replies in a speech quite as
unreal, praising as Lysias did him who does not love. But soon he
recants--his real creed being the opposite. Frenzy is his subject--the
ecstasy of prophecy, mysticism, poetry and the soul. This last is like
a charioteer driving a pair of horses, one white, the other black. It
soars upwards to the region of pure beauty, wisdom and goodness; but
sometimes the white horse, the spirited quality of human nature,
is pulled down by the black, which is sensual desire, so that the
charioteer, Reason, cannot get a full vision of the ideal world beyond
all heavens. Those souls which have partially seen the truth but have
been dragged down by the black steed become, according to the amount
of Beauty they have seen, philosophers, kings, economists, gymnasts,
mystics, poets, journeymen, sophists or tyrants. The vision once seen is
never quite forgotten, for it can be recovered by reminiscence, so that
by exercise each man can recall some of its glories.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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