The fault in Oedipus is his ungovernable temper. It is firmly drawn in
the play; he is equally unrestrained in anger, despair and hope. He is
the typical instance of the lack of good counsel which we have seen was
to Sophocles the prime source of a tragedy. Indeed, only a headlong
man would hastily marry a widowed queen after he had committed a murder
which fulfilled one half of a terrible oracle. He should have first
inquired into the history of the Theban royal house. Imagining that the
further he was fleeing from Corinth the more certain he was to make his
doom impossible of fulfilment, he inevitably drew nearer to it. This is
our human lot; we cannot see and we misinterpret warnings; how shall not
weaker men tremble for themselves when Oedipus' wisdom could not save
him from evil counsel?
In 405 Sophocles showed in his last play how Oedipus passed from earth
in the poet's own birthplace, Colonus. Oedipus enters with Antigone,
and on inquiry from a stranger finds that he is on the demesne of the
Eumenides. At once he sends to Theseus, King of Athens, and refuses to
move from the spot, for there he is fated to find his rest. A Chorus
from Colonus comes to find out who the suppliant is. When they hear the
name of Oedipus they are horror-struck and wish to thrust him out. After
much persuasion they consent to wait till Theseus arrives. Presently
Ismene comes with the news that Eteocles has dispossessed his elder
brother Polyneices; further, an oracle from Delphi declares that Oedipus
is all-important to Thebes in life and after death. His sons know this
oracle and Creon is coming to force him back. Declaring he will do
nothing for the sons who abandoned him, Oedipus obstinately refuses
his city any blessing. He sends Ismene to offer a sacrifice to the
Eumenides; in her absence Theseus enters, offers him protection and asks
why he has come. Oedipus replies that he has a secret to reveal which is
of great importance to Athens; at present there is peace between her and
Thebes:
"but in the gods alone is no age or death; all else Time confounds,
mastering everything. Strength of the Earth and of the body wastes,
trust dies, disloyalty grows, the same spirit never stands firm
among friends or allies. To some men early, to others late,
pleasures become bitter and then again sweet."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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