First aid in illness and injury; Medicine, Popular
Every day expose the wound, wash it out, and dress it. If the patient
is of strong physique and God smiles, he may not have septic fever. If,
however, the limb shows signs of inflammation evidenced by swelling
and redness, accompanied by fever, chills, and thirst, then must you
perform some heroic tasks to save your patient's life.
Remove all dressings and wrap in perfectly clean dressings the entire
limb from the hip to the foot, elevate so that it will drain properly,
and keep cold water running over it in a small stream constantly. This
may be done by making a small hole in the side or the bottom of a
bucket and hanging it in such a way that it will permit the stream to
fall on the limb. If you follow the foregoing directions implicitly,
you have done all that can be done.
It will be understood that what I have said touches upon the subject of
fractures in only a very general way. The methods of treatment outlined
will apply to practically any fracture, and certainly to those most
liable to be encountered in the woods.
The four principal dislocations that are liable to engage your
attention are those of the hip, knee, elbow, and shoulder. Of these,
that of the hip is the most serious. Without going deeply into the
classification of hip-joint dislocation, it will be sufficient to say
that fortunately by far the greater number of these is where the head
of the bone slips out of its socket upward and backward. Those in which
the head of the bone occupies other positions with relation to its
socket are much more difficult, in fact, for the layman practically
impossible.
The signs of a hip-joint dislocation are shortening of the limb, loss
of motion, pain, and the turning of the toes in toward the opposite
foot. You will be able to distinguish it from a fracture of the thigh
by the absence of crepitation (which I have described as the slight
grating sound made by the broken ends of the bone rubbing together),
and the fact that in a fracture the toes are generally turned out.
A friend of mine once reduced his own hip-joint dislocation in a
manner that may prove instructive. He was coming down the steep side
of a mountain in winter on skees. Halfway down the hill, while he was
traveling at a great rate of speed, he ran into a depression, breaking
his skee and dislocating his hip. It was many miles to the nearest
cabin, night was coming on, and it was bitterly cold. Death stared him
in the face. It was a time for the exercise of judgment if ever in his
life.
He crept down to a grove of small pines, selected two that were just a
little farther apart than the length of his body, lashed the foot of
the injured limb to one with his pack strap, lay at full length on the
snow, and clasped the other with his arms. Pulling with all his might,
he had the satisfaction of hearing the bone jolt back into its socket.
The idea suggested will enable the reader to modify the method to suit
each individual case.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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