SURVEY DEPARTMENT, PUBLIC WORKS MINISTRY =EGYPT.= * * * * * =BAHARIA OASIS:= =ITS TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY= BY JOHN BALL, PH. D., A.R.S.M., ASSOC. M. INST. C.E. AND HUGH J. L. BEADNELL, F.G.S., F.R.G.S. [Decoration] CAIRO NATIONAL PRINTING DEPARTMENT 1903 CONTENTS. * * * * * Pages. PREFACE 5 CHAPTER I. — INTRODUCTION 7 „ II. — SURVEYING METHODS AND GENERAL RESULTS 11 „ III. — THE ROADS CONNECTING THE OASIS OF BAHARIA WITH THE NILE VALLEY AND WITH OTHER OASES 17 „ IV. — TOPOGRAPHY, WITH NOTES ON THE WATER-SUPPLY, INHABITANTS, ETC. 37 „ V. — GEOLOGY 47 „ VI. — ANTIQUITIES 73 PLATES. PLATE I. — Map of the Oasis geologically coloured at end „ II. — Sketch Map showing Position of the Oasis „ „ III. — Villages and Principal Sources of Water „ „ IV. — Section through Western Escarpment, 11 kilometres north of south end of Depression „ „ V. — Diagrammatic Section from hill 15 kilometres north-east of Ain el Haiss to the Eocene-Cretaceous junction on desert to west „ „ VI. — Section from Mandisha through Jebel Mayesra and Conical Hill to Western Plateau „ „ VII. — Map of the Synclinal fold from Jebel Hefhuf to its termination in the Western Plateau, 13 kilometres north-west of Ain el Haiss „ „ VIII. — Sketch sections of Eastern Scarp „ ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. FIG. 1. — Section across Syncline, 12½ kilometres north-west of Ain el Haiss 66 „ 2. — Sketch shewing probable relations of Eocene and Cretaceous in Anticline on Western Desert Plateau, 11½ kilometres north-west of El Qasr 69 * * * * * PREFACE * * * * *