* * * * * [Footnote 10: _Op. cit._, vol. IV.] [Footnote 11: The positions of the two points of connection in the valley were determined by Capt. Lyons in 1896. The return traverse via Farafra to Assiut is left out of consideration owing to its great length and consequent low value in the determination of the longitude of Zubbo. It agrees however, very closely with the others, owing to compensation of errors.] [Footnote 12: LYONS, _Proceedings of the Royal Society_, vol. 71.] [Footnote 13: _Op. cit._] [Footnote 14: The occurrence of this fern in the ravines of the Fayum may also be recorded here.] [Footnote 15: BEADNELL, H. J. L., _Geological Magazine_. Jan., 1900, No. 427, pp. 46-48; _The Cretaceous Region of Abu Roash, near the Pyramids of Giza_. Geol. Surv. Egypt, Report 1900, Part II, 1902.] [Footnote 16: See Reports of the Geological Survey on Farafra, Kharga and the Eastern Desert.] CHAPTER III. * * * * * THE ROADS CONNECTING THE OASIS OF BAHARIA WITH THE NILE VALLEY AND OTHER OASES. The roads traversed by the Survey parties between Baharia and other places are three in number, viz., from near Maghagha and from Minia in the Nile Valley, and from Baharia to Farafra Oasis. Other well-known routes run from the Fayum, from Bahnessa, Samalut (Ascherson) and Delga, in the Nile Valley, from Alexandria, via Mogara, and from Siwa (Jordan, Cailliaud). The Survey’s return traverse to Minia from the south end of Baharia did not follow any defined road, but kept on the open plateau on a course computed from the known positions of the points of departure and destination.[17] [Sidenote: Road from Feshn and Maghagha to Baharia.] _The road from Feshn and Maghagha to Baharia_ leaves the edge of the Nile Valley cultivation at Qasr el Lamlum Bey, which bears 51½° west of true north from Maghagha railway station, and is distant 15·4 kilometres. From this point the road is well-defined and easily followed right into the oasis. In the following description the distances are given from the edge of the Nile Valley cultivation.