On leaving Nasl Nadiub Lengat the course first taken was about 32° north of west. The desert here rises very gradually from the flood-level, (_i.e._ about 40 metres above sea-level), there being no cliff bounding the Nile Valley on the West at this point. For about 6 kilometres the ground was sandy, with occasional patches of flood-water and some grass; then came a stretch of level gravelly ground, and at 11½ kilometres some low sand-dunes were crossed. The course was now changed to about 3° south of west, and at 14 kilometres a descent was made from the gravel-plain into a limestone-depression, with gravel-capped eminences on either side. At 22 kilometres the gravel-strewn plain was again come on, a few low mounds, also gravelly, being passed at 31 kilometres, and camel-tracks, doubtless part of the Minia-Baharia road, being noticed coincident with the survey line at 37 kilometres. Continuing following these tracks, another camel-road was found to branch off at 46 kilometres to the north-west. The march was continued along the same track going a little more south of west, over a monotonous gravelly plain, with limestone showing through it in small patches, till at 78 kilometres from Nasl Nadiub Lengat a conspicuous though small mass of fissile gritty limestone was come on, which afforded a good survey-station. North and west of this are low gravel-covered hills. Turning a little north of west, a large extent of low table-like hills was seen on the south. At about 90 kilometres low plateaux of limestone, capped by gravel, closed in so as to form a defile about a kilometre wide, through which the line of survey passed, and at 98 kilometres a large sandy and gravelly depression, bounded by limestone scarps and containing numerous large limestone hills, was entered. Within the depression the course followed was about 30° north of west, so as to map roughly the escarpments on either hand. About 10 kilometres from the point where the depression is entered a long stretch of heavy sand was crossed beyond which tracks going west were come on, and the edge of the limestone plateau on the left curved round so as to cross the road. Ascending this low scarp at 116 kilometres, the course lay over white limestone, with sharp angular flints on its surface, and low limestone hills on either side. At 124 kilometres the broad belt of sand-dunes, the Abu Moharik, was reached. The dunes, which are of considerable height, run nearly north and south, and have a total width of some 4 kilometres; they formed the most serious obstacle of the entire journey. Beyond the dunes is a hard limestone plain, crossed by a low ridge (forming part of a higher plateau) at 136 kilometres. Beyond this ridge are low limestone-hills on either side, the floor being generally of hard white limestone. At 151 kilometres an oval depression in the limestone plateau, with its longer axis (about 4 kilometres) running W.N.W., was entered; this depression is full of hills of white chalk,