The road from Siwa[30] was traversed by Jordan in 1874, the march occupying ten days. Leaving Siwa (N. lat. 29° 12′ 0″, long. 25° 31′ 0″ E. of Greenwich, altitude 25 metres below sea-level), the road follows an east-south-east course for about 80 kilometres; it then turns slightly more southwards, rounding the corner of the plateau (Pacho Mt. of Rohlfs) and afterwards passing through the deep depressions of Aradj (- 70 m.) and Uttiah (- 20 m.) to the south side of Lake Sittra (- 25 m., N. lat. 28° 42′ 40″, long. 27° 4′ 23″ E. of Greenwich, 170 kilometres distant from Siwa). From Sittra an easterly course is taken for some 52 kilometres, when another slight turn to the south is made, the oasis of Baharia being entered by descending the scarp some 3 kilometres slightly north of west of El Qasr. Between Sittra and the edge of the oasis the ground, which is of nummulitic limestone, rises gradually but steadily, the level at the edge of the oasis being 194 metres above sea. The distance from Sittra to El Qasr is about 180 kilometres, making the total distance along the route taken from Siwa about 350 kilometres. The road from the Fayum to Baharia, taken by Belzoni in 1819, Pacho in 1823, and Ascherson in 1876, has a total length of about 240 kilometres, and occupies some six days in marching. Leaving Medinet el Fayum the road proceeds south-west via Gharag to Wadi Rayan (29 m. below sea-level, about 75 kilometres from Medinet el Fayum) where a supply of water is obtainable from several different springs. From Ain Rayan the road proceeds south-west over a rising nummulitic limestone plateau, crossing the so-called Bahr bela Ma a little north of the Maghagha-Baharia road. At “El Bahr” (100 kilometres from Ain Rayan) a turn is made to the W.S.W.; the sand-dunes of Abu Moharik are crossed a little further on, and the oasis is entered at the northern extremity by the same “agaba” as that taken by the Maghagha road. Within the oasis the road branches as already described, the west branch leading to El Qasr and the east one to Zubbo. Another route making use of the same point of entry into the oasis as that just described is marked on Ascherson’s map as coming from Bahnessa, a large village on the Bahr Yusuf, near the western edge of the Nile Valley. This road, which is some 190 kilometres in length, leads almost due west over a monotonous plateau till near the oasis, where it joins the roads from the Fayum and Maghagha.